Berbaum K S, Franken E A, Dorfman D D, Lueben K R
Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.
Acad Radiol. 1994 Nov;1(3):217-23. doi: 10.1016/s1076-6332(05)80717-2.
We tested whether having clinical information would improve perception or simply decision making.
Sixty-four pediatric chest and abdominal radiographs, half of which had abnormalities, were presented to nine radiologists under one of two conditions. In one condition, history consistent with abnormalities actually present for positive cases was provided for positive and matched negative cases before inspection. In a second condition, this information was provided only after inspection was completed and the radiograph was no longer available. Because detailed visual memory is short-lived, the image information was no longer available when the history was provided after inspection. A control condition measured detection without history.
Detection was significantly better with history provided before inspection. Detection did not differ for history provided after inspection and inspection without history.
The only difference between conditions with history was in whether history influenced perception; history affected decision making in both conditions. Clinical history affected perception in interpreting radiographs, not simply decision making.
我们测试了拥有临床信息是否会改善认知，或者仅仅改善决策。
向九位放射科医生展示了64张儿科胸部和腹部X光片，其中一半有异常，展示分两种情况之一进行。在一种情况下，在检查前为阳性病例以及匹配的阴性病例提供与实际存在的异常相符的病史。在第二种情况下，此信息仅在检查完成且X光片不再可用后才提供。由于详细的视觉记忆持续时间短，在检查后提供病史时图像信息已不再可用。一个对照情况测量了无病史时的检测情况。
在检查前提供病史时检测效果明显更好。检查后提供病史和无病史检查时的检测情况没有差异。
有病史的情况之间的唯一差异在于病史是否影响认知；在两种情况下病史都影响决策。临床病史在解读X光片时影响认知，而不仅仅是决策。
