Tillquist Nicole M, Reed Sarah A, Kawaida Mia Y, Reiter Amanda S, Smith Brandon I, Jang Hyung, Lee Ji-Young, Lee Elaine C, Zinn Steven A, Govoni Kristen E
Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Transl Anim Sci. 2023 May 31;7(1):txad061. doi: 10.1093/tas/txad061. eCollection 2023 Jan.
To determine the effects of poor maternal nutrition on the growth and metabolism of offspring into maturity, multiparous Dorset ewes pregnant with twins ( = 46) were fed to either 100% (control; = 13), 60% (restricted; = 17), or 140% (over; = 16) of National Research Council requirements from day 30 ± 0.02 of gestation until parturition. Offspring of these ewes are referred to as CON ( = 10 ewes; 12 rams), RES ( = 13 ewes; 21 rams), or OVER ( = 16 ewes; 13 rams), respectively. Lamb body weights (BW) and blood samples were collected weekly from birth (day 0) to day 28 and then every 14 d until day 252. Intravenous glucose tolerance test (infusion of 0.25 g dextrose/kg BW) was performed at day 133 ± 0.25. At day 167 ± 1.42, individual daily intake was recorded over a 77 d feeding period to determine residual feed intake (RFI). Rams were euthanized at day 282 ± 1.82 and body morphometrics, loin eye area (LEA), back fat thickness, and organ weights were collected. The right leg was collected from rams at necropsy and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to determine bone mineral density (BMD) and length. Averaged from day 0 until day 252, RES and OVER offspring weighed 10.8% and 6.8% less than CON offspring, respectively ( ≤ 0.02). When adjusted for BW, liver and testes weights tended to be increased and decreased, respectively, in RES rams compared with CON rams ( ≤ 0.08). Additionally, RES BMD and bone length were less than CON rams ( ≤ 0.06). Treatment did not influence muscle mass, LEA, or adipose deposition ( 0.41). Rams (-0.17) were more feed efficient than ewes (0.23; 0.01); however, no effect of maternal diet was observed ( 0.57). At 2 min post glucose infusion, glucose concentrations in OVER offspring were greater than CON and RES offspring ( = 0.04). Concentrations of insulin in CON rams tended to be greater than OVER and RES ewes at 5 min ( ≤ 0.07). No differences were detected in insulin:glucose or area under the curve (AUC) for glucose or insulin ( ≤ 0.29). Maternal diet did not impact offspring triglycerides or cholesterol ( ≤ 0.35). Pre-weaning leptin tended to be 70% greater in OVER offspring than CON ( ≤ 0.07). These data indicate that poor maternal nutrition impairs offspring growth throughout maturity but does not affect RFI. Changes in metabolic factors and glucose tolerance are minimal, highlighting the need to investigate other mechanisms that may contribute to negative impacts of poor maternal diet.
为了确定母体营养不良对后代生长和代谢直至成熟的影响，将怀有双胞胎的多胎多塞特母羊（n = 46）从妊娠第30±0.02天至分娩期间，按照美国国家研究委员会要求的100%（对照组；n = 13）、60%（限制组；n = 17）或140%（过量组；n = 16）进行饲养。这些母羊的后代分别称为CON（n = 10只母羊；12只公羊）、RES（n = 13只母羊；21只公羊）或OVER（n = 16只母羊；13只公羊）。从出生（第0天）到第28天每周采集羔羊体重（BW）和血样，然后每14天采集一次，直至第252天。在第133±0.25天进行静脉葡萄糖耐量试验（输注0.25 g葡萄糖/kg BW）。在第167±1.42天，记录77天饲养期内的个体每日摄入量，以确定剩余采食量（RFI）。公羊在第282±1.82天实施安乐死，并采集体尺、眼肌面积（LEA）、背膘厚度和器官重量。在剖检时从公羊采集右腿，使用双能X线吸收法测定骨矿物质密度（BMD）和骨长度。从第0天到第252天的平均值来看，RES和OVER后代的体重分别比CON后代轻10.8%和6.8%（P≤0.02）。与CON公羊相比，调整体重后，RES公羊的肝脏和睾丸重量分别有增加和减少的趋势（P≤0.08）。此外，RES的BMD和骨长度小于CON公羊（P≤0.06）。处理对肌肉量、LEA或脂肪沉积没有影响（P>0.41）。公羊（RFI为 -0.17）比母羊（RFI为0.23）的饲料效率更高（P<0.01）；然而，未观察到母体饮食的影响（P>0.57）。在葡萄糖输注后2分钟，OVER后代的葡萄糖浓度高于CON和RES后代（P = 0.04）。在5分钟时，CON公羊的胰岛素浓度有高于OVER和RES母羊的趋势（P≤0.0
