He Yingshi, Zeng Qing, Zhang Minqiang
School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2023 Jun 12;16:2125-2136. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S414356. eCollection 2023.
Depressive symptoms are serious mental health problems, which are harmful for adolescents' physical and psychological development. Limited studies have focused on depressive symptoms of vocational high school students, who are more susceptible to mental health problems than high school students. Based on the main effect model of social support and self-regulation theory, the current study aims at exploring two potential mediating roles of hope and future work self on the relationship between perceived social support and depressive symptoms among vocational high school students by a cross-sectional study.
A total of 521 vocational high school students aged 14-21 (M= 16.45; SD= 0.91) participated in the survey. There were 266 males (51.1%) and 255 females (48.9%). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support, the future work self scale, the children's hope scale, and the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale were applied in the study.
The results revealed that: (1) perceived social support, future work self, and hope were negatively related to depressive symptoms (r = -0.25 to -0.35, < 0.001); (2) students who perceived more social support have fewer depressive symptoms ( = -0.22, < 0.001); (3) perceived social support predicted a more salient future work self and then was associated with higher levels of hope, which in turn, was related to lower levels of depressive symptoms ( = -0.02, and 95% CI = [-0.035, -0.005]).
Perceived social support was the protective factor against vocational school students' depressive symptoms. More specifically, stronger perceived social support predicted a more salient future work self, which promoted high level of hope, and ultimately decreased vocational school students' depressive symptoms. The findings provide enlighten implications for interventions on depressive symptoms among vocational high school students.
抑郁症状是严重的心理健康问题，对青少年的身心发展有害。针对职业高中学生抑郁症状的研究有限，他们比高中生更容易出现心理健康问题。基于社会支持的主效应模型和自我调节理论，本研究旨在通过横断面研究探讨希望和未来工作自我在职业高中学生感知到的社会支持与抑郁症状之间关系中的两个潜在中介作用。
共有521名年龄在14 - 21岁（M = 16.45；SD = 0.91）的职业高中学生参与了调查。其中男性266名（51.1%），女性255名（48.9%）。本研究采用了感知社会支持多维量表、未来工作自我量表、儿童希望量表和流行病学研究中心抑郁量表。
结果显示：（1）感知到的社会支持、未来工作自我和希望与抑郁症状呈负相关（r = -0.25至-0.35，p < 0.001）；（2）感知到更多社会支持的学生抑郁症状更少（β = -0.22，p < 0.001）；（3）感知到的社会支持预测了更突出的未来工作自我，进而与更高水平的希望相关，而希望又与更低水平的抑郁症状相关（β = -0.02，95% CI = [-0.035, -0.005]）。
感知到的社会支持是职业学校学生抑郁症状的保护因素。更具体地说，更强的感知社会支持预测了更突出的未来工作自我，这促进了高水平的希望，并最终降低了职业学校学生的抑郁症状。这些发现为职业高中学生抑郁症状的干预提供了启示。
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