Burton Luke, Bhargava Vidit
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
J Ultrasound Med. 2023 Nov;42(11):2463-2479. doi: 10.1002/jum.16283. Epub 2023 Jun 19.
Point-of-care ultrasound is making rapid advancements in pediatrics, and ultrasonographic assessment of the airway is being employed in many specialties such as the pediatric, cardiac, and neonatal intensive care units, emergency department, pulmonary clinic, and the perioperative setting. This scoping review provides a technical description of image acquisition and interpretation, accompanying ultrasound images of the hallmark airway applications in pediatrics, and supporting evidence when available. We describe and illustrate ultrasound-determined endotracheal tube (ETT) sizing, ETT placement and depth confirmation, vocal fold assessment, prediction of post-extubation stridor, difficult laryngoscopy prediction, and cricothyrotomy guidance. This review aims to provide the descriptions and images necessary to learn and apply these skills at the point of care in the pediatric patient.
床旁超声在儿科领域正取得迅速进展，气道的超声评估正被应用于许多专科，如儿科、心脏科和新生儿重症监护病房、急诊科、肺部诊所及围手术期环境。本综述提供了图像采集与解读的技术描述、儿科标志性气道应用的超声图像以及现有支持证据。我们描述并展示了超声确定气管内插管（ETT）尺寸、ETT放置及深度确认、声带评估、拔管后喘鸣预测、困难喉镜检查预测以及环甲膜切开术引导。本综述旨在提供在儿科患者床旁学习和应用这些技能所需的描述和图像。
