Changes of Viral Load, Drug Resistance, and CD4 Cell Count in HIV-1-Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Hebei Province, China, 2003-2019.

In this study, a total of 462 samples of whole blood were collected from 36 patients enrolled. During the entire course of antiretroviral therapy (ART) from 2003 to 2019, both the CD4 cell count and viral load (VL) of study patients were examined annually, and an HIV-1 genotypic drug resistance (DR) assay was carried out using an in-house method when the HIV-1 VL was >1,000 copies/mL. The results indicated that 13 (36.1%) experienced treatment failure and 23 (63.9%) experienced treatment success among 36 patients. The proportion of patients with effective treatment after the adjustment of ART regimens was significantly higher than before adjustment (χ = 33.796,  < .001). Furthermore, the frequencies of HIV-1 DR mutations before adjustment were higher than those after adjustment ( = 3.345,  = .002). In particular, among 23 patients with effective treatment after adjustment, the means ± standard deviations of the VLs and CD4 cell counts before adjustment were 3.85 ± 0.65 log RNA copies/mL and 226.83 ± 106.06 cells/mm, respectively, compared with 2.19 ± 0.58 log RNA copies/mL and 367.68 ± 174.62 cells/mm, respectively, after adjustment. Obviously, there were statistically significant differences in the changes in VL ( = 8.728,  < .001) and CD4 cell count ( = -4.476,  < .001) before and after adjustment. Therefore, patients who received updated ART regimens containing LPV/r and TDF after adjustment achieved better therapeutic effects compared with patients who received initial ART regimens harboring D4T/AZT or NVP. This suggests that future research is needed to initiate the surveillance of DR, VLs, and CD4 cell counts immediately after HIV diagnosis, and dynamic changes in these indicators so as to optimize ART effects.