Division of Obstetric Anesthesiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Surgical Critical Care Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas.
Am J Perinatol. 2023 Jul;40(9):988-995. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1761638. Epub 2023 Jun 19.
The rising in placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) incidence, highlights the need for critical care allotment for these patients. Due to risk for hemorrhage and possible hemorrhagic shock requiring blood product transfusion, hemodynamic instability and risk of end-organ damage, having an intensive care unit (ICU) with surgical expertise (surgical ICU or equivalent based on institutional resources) is highly recommended. Intensive care units physicians and nurses should be familiarized with intraoperative anesthetic and surgical techniques as well as obstetrics physiologic changes to provide postpartum management of PAS. Validated tools such of bedside point of care ultrasound and viscoelastic tests such as thromboelastogram/rotational thromboelastometry (TEG/ROTEM) are clinically useful in the assessment of hemodynamic status (shock diagnosis, assessment of both fluid responsiveness and tolerance) and transfusion guidance (in patients requiring massive transfusion as opposed to tranditional hemostatic resuscitation) respectively. The future of PAS management lies in the collaborative and multidisciplinary environment. We recommend that women with high suspicion or a confirmed PAS should have a preoperative plan in place and be managed in a tertiary center who is experienced in managing surgically complex cases. KEY POINTS: · The rising in placenta accreta spectrum incidence highlights the need for critical care expertise.. · Emerging tools such as point-of-care ultrasound and thromboelastography/rotational thromboelastometry represent new avenues for real time optimization of hemodynamic and hematological care of patients with PAS.. · Patients with PAS should be referred to a tertiary center having an intensive care unit (ICU) with surgical expertise (or equivalent based on institutional resources)..
胎盘植入谱系(PAS)发病率的上升,凸显了为这些患者提供重症监护的必要性。由于存在出血和可能需要输血的出血性休克风险、血流动力学不稳定和终末器官损伤的风险,强烈建议配备具有外科专业知识的重症监护病房(ICU)(基于机构资源的外科 ICU 或同等条件)。重症监护病房的医生和护士应熟悉术中麻醉和外科技术以及产科的生理变化,以便为 PAS 提供产后管理。床边即时护理超声等经过验证的工具以及血栓弹力图/旋转血栓弹力测定(TEG/ROTEM)等粘弹性试验在评估血流动力学状态(休克诊断、评估液体反应性和耐受性)和输血指导(在需要大量输血的患者中,而不是传统的止血复苏)方面具有临床应用价值。PAS 管理的未来在于协作和多学科环境。我们建议,高度怀疑或确诊 PAS 的女性应制定术前计划,并在有经验处理复杂手术病例的三级中心进行管理。要点:
· PAS 发病率的上升凸显了重症监护专业知识的必要性。
· 即时护理超声和血栓弹力图/旋转血栓弹力测定等新兴工具为 PAS 患者的血流动力学和血液护理实时优化提供了新途径。
· PAS 患者应转诊至拥有外科专业知识的重症监护病房(ICU)的三级中心(或基于机构资源的同等条件)。