Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
Food Funct. 2023 Jul 3;14(13):5870-5890. doi: 10.1039/d3fo01688a.
Hawthorn belongs to the rose family and is a type of functional food. It contains various chemicals, including flavonoids, terpenoids, and organic acid compounds. This study aimed to review the vascular protective effects and molecular mechanisms of hawthorn and its extracts on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Hawthorn has a wide range of biological functions. Evidence suggests that the active components of HE reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, regulate lipid levels to prevent lipid accumulation, and inhibit free cholesterol accumulation in macrophages and foam cell formation. Additionally, hawthorn extract (HE) can protect vascular endothelial function, regulate endothelial dysfunction, and promote vascular endothelial relaxation. It has also been reported that the effective components of hawthorn can prevent age-related endothelial dysfunction, increase cellular calcium levels, cause antiplatelet aggregation, and promote antithrombosis. In clinical trials, HE has been proved to reduce the adverse effects of CVDs on blood lipids, blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction, heart rate, and exercise tolerance. Previous studies have pointed to the benefits of hawthorn and its extracts in treating atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases. Therefore, as both medicine and food, hawthorn can be used as a new drug source for treating cardiovascular diseases.
山楂属于蔷薇科，是一种功能性食品。它含有多种化学成分，包括类黄酮、萜类化合物和有机酸化合物。本研究旨在综述山楂及其提取物对心血管疾病（CVDs）的血管保护作用和分子机制。山楂具有广泛的生物学功能。有证据表明，山楂有效成分能减轻氧化应激和炎症，调节脂质水平防止脂质堆积，抑制巨噬细胞中胆固醇自由积累和泡沫细胞形成。此外，山楂提取物（HE）可以保护血管内皮功能，调节内皮功能障碍，促进血管内皮松弛。还有报道称，山楂的有效成分可以预防与年龄相关的内皮功能障碍，增加细胞内钙水平，抗血小板聚集，促进抗血栓形成。在临床试验中，HE 已被证明可以降低 CVDs 对血脂、血压、左心室射血分数、心率和运动耐量的不良影响。先前的研究表明山楂及其提取物在治疗动脉粥样硬化和其他血管疾病方面具有益处。因此，作为药食同源的山楂可以作为治疗心血管疾病的新药源。
