Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2023 Aug;56:94-103. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.04.020. Epub 2023 May 3.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: While the association between avocado consumption and low metabolic risk has been shown in some studies conducted in adults, little is known about the potential effects of avocado consumption on health outcomes in children and adolescents. Thus, we investigated the impact of two levels of avocado allotment, plus a standard nutrition education, on measures of adiposity in children and adolescents (<18 years old).
Children (aged 5-12, n = 58) and adolescents (aged 13-17, n = 32) in seventy-two families that self-identified as Hispanic, with at least 3 members over the age of 5 that resided in the same home, were free of severe chronic disease, and not on specific diets, were randomized to one of two levels of avocado allotment plus bi-weekly nutrition education sessions. Low allotment families received 3 avocados per week, while high allotment families received 14 avocados per week for 6 months. We performed an intention-to-treat analysis, using unpaired, 2-sided t-tests to test the mean changes in anthropometric measures of adiposity (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, and weight) between children and adolescents from high and low allotment families after the 6-month intervention.
At six months, there were no significant differences in body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, or waist circumference to weight ratio by avocado allotment group. In children, there was a significant difference in weight (difference in means: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.09, 2.10, p-value = 0.03) and waist circumference to height ratio (difference in means: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.41, p-value <0.01) between the avocado allotment groups at six months, but these did not remain significant after sensitivity analyses including per-protocol analyses. In adolescents only, there was a significant reduction in waist to hip circumference ratio in the high allotment group compared to the low allotment group after 6 months (difference in means: -0.05, 95% CI: -0.08, 0.00, p-value = 0.04) that persisted after multiple sensitivity analyses.
Different levels of avocado availability among children and adolescents does not appear to result in significant changes in anthropometric measures. Further study is needed to determine whether avocado consumption promotes metabolic health in this age group.
背景/目的：虽然一些成年人研究表明食用鳄梨与低代谢风险之间存在关联，但对于食用鳄梨对儿童和青少年健康结果的潜在影响知之甚少。因此，我们调查了两种鳄梨配给水平加上标准营养教育对儿童和青少年（<18 岁）肥胖程度的影响。
72 个家庭的 5-12 岁儿童（n=58）和 13-17 岁青少年（n=32）自我认定为西班牙裔，家中至少有 3 名 5 岁以上的成员居住在同一所房子中，没有严重的慢性疾病，也没有特殊饮食，随机分配到两种鳄梨配给水平加两周一次的营养教育课程。低配给家庭每周接受 3 个鳄梨，而高配给家庭每周接受 14 个鳄梨，为期 6 个月。我们进行了意向治疗分析，使用非配对、双侧 t 检验测试 6 个月干预后高配给和低配给家庭的儿童和青少年的肥胖（体重指数（BMI）、腰围、臀围和体重）的平均变化。
在 6 个月时，按鳄梨配给组的体重指数、腰围、臀围或腰围与体重比没有显著差异。在儿童中，在 6 个月时，鳄梨配给组之间的体重（差异平均值：1.10，95%CI：0.09，2.10，p 值=0.03）和腰围与身高比（差异平均值：0.27，95%CI：0.12，0.41，p 值<0.01）有显著差异，但在包括按方案分析在内的敏感性分析后，这些差异不再显著。仅在青少年中，与低配给组相比，高配给组的腰围与臀围比在 6 个月后显著降低（差异平均值：-0.05，95%CI：-0.08，0.00，p 值=0.04），在多次敏感性分析后仍持续存在。
儿童和青少年之间不同水平的鳄梨供应似乎不会导致体重指数的显著变化。需要进一步研究以确定在这个年龄段食用鳄梨是否能促进代谢健康。
