JM USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging, Tufts University Boston MA.
Department of Nutritional Sciences Pennsylvania State University State College PA.
J Am Heart Assoc. 2022 Jul 19;11(14):e025657. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.122.025657. Epub 2022 Jul 5.
Background Excess visceral adiposity is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders. Short-term well-controlled clinical trials suggest that regular avocado consumption favorably affects body weight, visceral adiposity, and satiety. Methods and Results The HAT Trial (Habitual Diet and Avocado Trial) was a multicenter, randomized, controlled parallel-arm trial designed to test whether consuming 1 large avocado per day for 6 months in a diverse group of free-living individuals (N=1008) with an elevated waist circumference compared with a habitual diet would decrease visceral adiposity as measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary and additional end points related to risk factors associated with cardiometabolic disorders were assessed. The primary outcome, change in visceral adipose tissue volume during the intervention period, was not significantly different between the Avocado Supplemented and Habitual Diet Groups (estimated mean difference (0.017 L [-0.024 L, 0.058 L], =0.405). No significant group differences were observed for the secondary outcomes of hepatic fat fraction, hsCRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), and components of the metabolic syndrome. Of the additional outcome measures, modest but nominally significant reductions in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed in the Avocado Supplemented compared with the Habitual Diet Group. Changes in the other additional and post hoc measures (body weight, body mass index, insulin, very low-density lipoprotein concentrations, and total cholesterol:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio) were similar between the 2 groups. Conclusions Addition of 1 avocado per day to the habitual diet for 6 months in free-living individuals with elevated waist circumference did not reduce visceral adipose tissue volume and had minimal effect on risk factors associated with cardiometabolic disorders. Registration URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03528031.
内脏脂肪过多与代谢综合征相关疾病的风险增加有关。短期的临床对照试验表明，经常食用鳄梨有利于控制体重、内脏脂肪和饱腹感。
HAT 试验（习惯性饮食和鳄梨试验）是一项多中心、随机、对照的平行分组试验，旨在测试在一组腰围升高的、自由生活的个体中，每天食用 1 个大鳄梨（N=1008），与习惯性饮食相比，6 个月内是否会减少磁共振成像测量的内脏脂肪。评估了与代谢综合征相关危险因素相关的次要和额外终点。干预期间内脏脂肪组织体积的变化是主要结果，但在鳄梨补充组和习惯性饮食组之间没有显著差异（估计平均差异[0.017 L[-0.024 L，0.058 L]，=0.405）。次要结果肝脂肪分数、hsCRP（高敏 C 反应蛋白）和代谢综合征成分在两组间无显著差异。在其他额外的结果测量中，与习惯性饮食组相比，鳄梨补充组的总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇有适度但名义上的降低。两组间其他额外和事后测量（体重、体重指数、胰岛素、极低密度脂蛋白浓度和总胆固醇：高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值）的变化相似。
在腰围升高的自由生活个体中，习惯性饮食中每天添加 1 个鳄梨，6 个月内并未减少内脏脂肪组织体积，对代谢综合征相关危险因素的影响很小。
