Li Zu Rui, Liang Wu Dong, Fan Zhou Jiang, Wei Liu Zhan, Xie Hui Min, Liu Sheng
School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
3D Print Addit Manuf. 2023 Jun 1;10(3):467-489. doi: 10.1089/3dp.2021.0049. Epub 2023 Jun 8.
In additive manufacturing (AM), the mechanical properties of manufactured parts are often insufficient due to complex defects and residual stresses, limiting their use in high-value or mission-critical applications. Therefore, the research and application of nondestructive testing (NDT) technologies to identify defects in AM are becoming increasingly urgent. This article reviews the recent progress in online detection technologies in AM, a special introduction to the high-speed synchrotron X-ray technology for real-time observation, and analysis of defect formation processes in the past 5 years, and also discusses the latest research efforts involving process monitoring and feedback control algorithms. The formation mechanism of different defects and the influence of process parameters on defect formation, important parameters such as defect spatial resolution, detection speed, and scope of application of common NDT methods, and the defect types, advantages, and disadvantages associated with current online detection methods for monitoring three-dimensional printing processes are summarized. In response to the development requirements of AM technology, the most promising trends in online detection are also prospected. This review aims to serve as a reference and guidance for the work to identify/select the most suitable measurement methods and corresponding control strategy for online detection.
在增材制造（AM）中，由于存在复杂缺陷和残余应力，所制造零件的机械性能往往不足，这限制了它们在高价值或关键任务应用中的使用。因此，应用无损检测（NDT）技术来识别增材制造中的缺陷的研究和应用变得越来越紧迫。本文综述了增材制造中在线检测技术的最新进展，特别介绍了用于实时观察的高速同步加速器X射线技术，并分析了过去5年中的缺陷形成过程，还讨论了涉及过程监测和反馈控制算法的最新研究成果。总结了不同缺陷的形成机制以及工艺参数对缺陷形成的影响、常见无损检测方法的重要参数（如缺陷空间分辨率、检测速度和应用范围），以及与当前用于监测三维打印过程的在线检测方法相关的缺陷类型、优缺点。针对增材制造技术的发展需求，还展望了在线检测中最具前景的趋势。这篇综述旨在为识别/选择最适合的在线检测测量方法和相应控制策略的工作提供参考和指导。
