Ma Xianghua, Cao Zhenbo, Zhu Zheng, Chen Xiangru, Wen Donglin, Cao Ziwei
Shanghai University of Sport, China.
Xi'an Physical Education University, China.
Heliyon. 2023 Jun 1;9(6):e16663. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16663. eCollection 2023 Jun.
Consensus is lacking regarding whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) effectively improves VOmax (VOpeak) in elite athletes (Athlete must be involved in regular competition at the national level). This meta-analysis compared the effects of HIIT and conventional training methods (continuous training, repeated-sprint training, high volume low-intensity training, high-intensity continuous running, sprint-interval training, moderate-intensity continuous training)on VOmax in elite athletes. Nine studies were included, comprising 176 elite athletes (80 female). Compared to that with conventional training, VOmax was significantly increased after HIIT (overall: 0.58 [0.30, 0.87], I = 0.49, P = 0.03; males: 0.41 [0.06, 0.76], I = 0%, P = 0.89). VOmax had positive training effects when the HIIT recovery period had an interval time ≥2 min (0.44 [0.03, 0.84], I = 0%, P = 0.99) and recovery phase intensity ≤40% (0.38 [0.05, 0.71], I = 0%, P = 0.96). Thus, HIIT shows superiority over conventional training methods in improving VOmax, promoting aerobic capacity, in elite athletes.
对于高强度间歇训练（HIIT）是否能有效提高精英运动员（运动员必须参加国家级定期比赛）的最大摄氧量（VOpeak），目前尚无共识。这项荟萃分析比较了HIIT与传统训练方法（持续训练、重复冲刺训练、高容量低强度训练、高强度持续跑步、冲刺间歇训练、中等强度持续训练）对精英运动员最大摄氧量的影响。纳入了9项研究，共176名精英运动员（80名女性）。与传统训练相比，HIIT后最大摄氧量显著增加（总体：0.58 [0.30, 0.87]，I = 0.49，P = 0.03；男性：0.41 [0.06, 0.76]，I = 0%，P = 0.89）。当HIIT恢复期的间歇时间≥2分钟（0.44 [0.03, 0.84]，I = 0%，P = 0.99）且恢复阶段强度≤40%时，最大摄氧量有积极的训练效果（0.38 [0.05, 0.71]，I = 0%，P = 0.96）。因此，在提高精英运动员的最大摄氧量、促进有氧能力方面，HIIT比传统训练方法更具优势。
