Xu Ning, Xue Yadong, Zhang Meng
School of Physical Education, Guangzhou Huali College, Guangzhou, China.
School of Physical Education, Yan 'an University, Yan 'an City, Shaanxi, China.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2025 Oct;25(10):e70050. doi: 10.1002/ejsc.70050.
This study investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with different work-to-rest ratios during the same training duration on the specific physical fitness of Chinese adolescent taekwondo athletes (N = 30, 16-20 years, 18 males and 12 females, and provincial champion/runner-up or national top 6). Athletes were randomly allocated to HIIT-20S (20 s work: 10 s rest), HIIT-30S (30 s work: 10 s rest), and a control group (2 min actual combat competitive: 1 min rest). An 8-week intervention (24 sessions, 30 min/session). Specific physical fitness was assessed using the progressive specific taekwondo test, frequency speed of kick test, 10-s high roundhouse kick test, 60-s double chop kick test, heart rate recovery (HRR), 1 repetition maximum (1-RM) squat test, and improved Illinois agility test. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Compared with the HIIT-20S (1.96%) and control (0.47%) groups, the HIIT-30S group demonstrated a significantly greater improvement in VO2peak (4.72%). In the FSKT10S test, the HIIT-20S group performed better than the HIIT-30S group (2.24% vs. 1.34%), whereas the HIIT-30S group showed higher gains in FSKTtotal (5.09% vs. 2%) and a steeper decline in KDI (-21.7% vs. -12.1%). Similarly, the HIIT-20S group outperformed the HIIT-30S group in the 10S-HRK test (3.62% vs. 0.91%), whereas the HIIT-30S group outperformed the 60S-DCK test (3.45% vs. 1.91%). Improvements in agility favored the HIIT-20S group (-8.26% vs. HIIT-30S: -4.01%; control: -0.85%). Both HIIT groups showed enhanced heart rate recovery (HIIT-30S, 2.74% and HIIT-20S, 2.57%), although no significant differences were observed in lower limb maximal strength. These findings confirm the specificity of the work-to-rest ratio: HIIT-30S effectively enhances cardiorespiratory endurance and repeated kicking endurance, whereas HIIT-20S appears to be more beneficial for optimizing explosive strength, agility, kick speed, and frequency.
本研究调查了在相同训练时长下，不同工作-休息比的高强度间歇训练（HIIT）对中国青少年跆拳道运动员（N = 30，16 - 20岁，18名男性和12名女性，省级冠军/亚军或全国前6名）特定身体素质的影响。运动员被随机分配到HIIT - 20S组（20秒工作：10秒休息）、HIIT - 30S组（30秒工作：10秒休息）和对照组（2分钟实战竞技：1分钟休息）。进行为期8周的干预（共24节训练课，每节30分钟）。使用渐进式特定跆拳道测试、踢腿频率速度测试、10秒高位横踢测试、60秒双砍踢测试、心率恢复（HRR）、1次最大重复量（1 - RM）深蹲测试和改良伊利诺伊敏捷性测试来评估特定身体素质。统计学显著性定义为p < 0.05。与HIIT - 20S组（1.96%）和对照组（0.47%）相比，HIIT - 30S组的最大摄氧量（VO2peak）有显著更大的提高（4.72%）。在FSKT10S测试中，HIIT - 20S组的表现优于HIIT - 30S组（2.24%对1.34%），而HIIT - 30S组在FSKTtotal测试中的提高更高（5.09%对2%），并且在KDI测试中的下降更陡峭（-21.7%对-12.1%）。同样，在10S - HRK测试中，HIIT - 20S组优于HIIT - 30S组（3.62%对0.91%），而在60S - DCK测试中，HIIT - 30S组表现更优（3.45%对1.91%）。敏捷性的提高有利于HIIT - 20S组（-8.26%，HIIT - 30S组为-4.01%；对照组为-0.85%）。两个HIIT组的心率恢复都有所增强（HIIT - 30S组为2.74%，HIIT - 20S组为2.57%），尽管下肢最大力量方面未观察到显著差异。这些发现证实了工作-休息比的特异性：HIIT - 30S能有效增强心肺耐力和重复踢腿耐力，而HIIT - 20S似乎更有利于优化爆发力、敏捷性、踢腿速度和频率。
