Yale School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences.
Yale School of Medicine, SEICHE Center for Health and Justice, Department of Internal Medicine.
J Psychopathol Clin Sci. 2023 Jul;132(5):577-589. doi: 10.1037/abn0000841.
Limited research has examined how multiple forms of oppression (e.g., racism, heterosexism, transphobia)-manifesting across multiple levels (e.g., interpersonal, structural)-can place Black and Latinx lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other sexual/gender minority (LGBTQ+) adolescents at increased risk for internalizing psychopathology, including depression. Utilizing a national sample of 2,561 Black and Latinx LGBTQ+ adolescents (aged 13-17), we examined associations among depressive symptoms and several adolescent-focused manifestations of stigma, including: (a) interpersonal racial/ethnic bullying, (b) interpersonal sexual orientation bullying, (c) nine state-level forms of structural stigma or protection for LGBTQ+ adolescents, and (d) a new adolescent-focused composite index of state-level anti-LGBTQ+ structural stigma. Racial/ethnic bullying and sexual orientation bullying were found to be prevalent among the sample and were associated-both independently and jointly-with increased depressive symptoms. One harmful state-level anti-LGBTQ+ structural stigma indicator (i.e., anti-LGBTQ+ community attitudes) and seven protective state-level anti-LGBTQ+ structural stigma indicators (e.g., conversion therapy bans) were associated with odds of depressive symptoms, in the expected directions. Black and Latinx LGBTQ+ adolescents residing in states with greater overall anti-LGBTQ+ structural stigma reported increased depressive symptoms, even when adjusting for racial/ethnic and sexual orientation bullying. Additionally, Black and Latinx LGBTQ+ adolescents living in the most stigmatizing states demonstrated 32% increased odds of depressive symptoms, as compared to those living in the most LGBTQ+ affirming states. Multilevel, intersectional interventions could have optimal effects on the mental health and resilience of Black and Latinx LGBTQ+ adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
有限的研究考察了多种形式的压迫（例如种族主义、异性恋恐惧症、跨性别恐惧症）——在多个层面（例如人际、结构）上表现出来——如何使黑人和拉丁裔男女同性恋、双性恋、跨性别、酷儿和其他性/性别少数群体（LGBTQ+）青少年面临内化心理病理学的风险增加，包括抑郁症。利用一项针对 2561 名黑人和拉丁裔 LGBTQ+青少年（年龄在 13-17 岁之间）的全国性样本，我们研究了抑郁症状与几种以青少年为重点的污名表现之间的关联，包括：（a）人际种族/族裔欺凌，（b）人际性取向欺凌，（c）九种针对 LGBTQ+青少年的州级结构性污名形式或保护，以及（d）一个新的以青少年为重点的州级反 LGBTQ+结构性污名综合指数。研究发现，种族/族裔欺凌和性取向欺凌在样本中很普遍，并且与增加的抑郁症状独立和共同相关。一个有害的州级反 LGBTQ+结构性污名指标（即反 LGBTQ+社区态度）和七个保护性的州级反 LGBTQ+结构性污名指标（例如，转换治疗禁令）与抑郁症状的可能性相关，符合预期的方向。居住在州一级反 LGBTQ+结构性污名总体较大的州的黑人和拉丁裔 LGBTQ+青少年报告的抑郁症状增加，即使在调整了种族/族裔和性取向欺凌因素后也是如此。此外，与生活在最肯定 LGBTQ+的州的青少年相比，生活在污名化程度最高的州的黑人和拉丁裔 LGBTQ+青少年出现抑郁症状的几率增加了 32%。多层次、交叉的干预措施可能对黑人和拉丁裔 LGBTQ+青少年的心理健康和适应能力产生最佳效果。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2023 APA，保留所有权利）。
