Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, Saint-Etienne, France; and.
Institut Universitaire de France (IUF).
J Strength Cond Res. 2023 Jul 1;37(7):1470-1478. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004412. Epub 2023 Jan 18.
Besson, T, Pastor, FS, Varesco, G, Berthet, M, Kennouche, D, Dandrieux, P-E, Rossi, J, and Millet, GY. Elite vs. experienced male and female trail runners: comparing running economy, biomechanics, strength, and power. J Strength Cond Res 37(7): 1470-1478, 2023-The increased participation in trail running (TR) races and the emergence of official international races have increased the performance level of the world best trail runners. The aim of this study was to compare cost of running (Cr) and biomechanical and neuromuscular characteristics of elite trail runners with their lower level counterparts. Twenty elite (10 females; ELITE) and 21 experienced (10 females; EXP) trail runners participated in the study. Cr and running biomechanics were measured at 10 and 14 km·h-1 on flat and at 10 km·h-1 with 10% uphill incline. Subjects also performed maximal isometric voluntary contractions of knee and hip extensors and knee flexors and maximal sprints on a cycle ergometer to assess the power-torque-velocity profile (PTVP). Athletes also reported their training volume during the previous year. Despite no differences in biomechanics, ELITE had a lower Cr than EXP (p < 0.05). Despite nonsignificant difference in maximal lower-limb power between groups, ELITE displayed a greater relative torque (p < 0.01) and lower maximal velocity (p < 0.01) in the PTVP. Females displayed shorter contact times (p < 0.01) compared with males, but no sex differences were observed in Cr (p > 0.05). No sex differences existed for the PTVP slope, whereas females exhibited lower relative torque (p < 0.01) and velocity capacities (p < 0.01) compared with males. Although not comprehensively assessing all determining factors of TR performance, those data evidenced level and sex specificities of trail runners in some factors of performance. Strength training can be suggested to lower level trail runners to improve Cr and thus TR performance.
贝松、T、帕斯特尔、FS、瓦雷斯科、G、贝尔泰、M、肯努奇、D、丹德里厄、P-E、罗西、J 和米利特、GY。精英与经验丰富的男性和女性越野跑者：比较跑步经济性、生物力学、力量和功率。J 力量与条件研究 37(7)：1470-1478，2023-越野跑（TR）比赛的参与度增加以及官方国际比赛的出现，提高了世界顶级越野跑者的表现水平。本研究的目的是比较精英越野跑者与低水平越野跑者的跑步成本（Cr）和生物力学及神经肌肉特征。20 名精英（10 名女性；ELITE）和 21 名经验丰富的（10 名女性；EXP）越野跑者参加了这项研究。在 10 和 14km·h-1 的平地上以及 10km·h-1 带有 10%上坡坡度的情况下测量了 Cr 和跑步生物力学。受试者还在自行车测功计上进行了最大等长自主收缩的膝关节和髋关节伸肌和膝关节屈肌以及最大冲刺，以评估功率-扭矩-速度曲线（PTVP）。运动员还报告了他们在前一年的训练量。尽管在生物力学方面没有差异，但 ELITE 的 Cr 低于 EXP（p < 0.05）。尽管两组之间的最大下肢力量没有显著差异，但 ELITE 在 PTVP 中显示出更大的相对扭矩（p < 0.01）和更低的最大速度（p < 0.01）。与男性相比，女性的接触时间更短（p < 0.01），但 Cr 没有性别差异（p > 0.05）。PTVP 斜率没有性别差异，而女性的相对扭矩（p < 0.01）和速度能力（p < 0.01）均低于男性。尽管没有全面评估 TR 表现的所有决定因素，但这些数据证明了在某些表现因素中，越野跑者的水平和性别特异性。力量训练可以建议低水平的越野跑者提高 Cr，从而提高 TR 表现。
