Belamjahad Ali, Tourny Claire, Hackney Anthony C, Jebabli Nidhal, Chariba Naoual, Laziri Fatiha, Saeidi Ayoub, Laher Ismail, Granacher Urs, Zouhal Hassane
Department of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.
Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2025 Apr 30;17(1):107. doi: 10.1186/s13102-025-01154-x.
The preseason offers an opportunity to achieve an optimal level of physical fitness for the entire season. The question arises whether the training programs induce muscle damage and inflammatory processes which may have a negative impact on players' readiness at the beginning of the season.
To examine the effects of a preseason neuromuscular training program (NMT) versus endurance training (ET) on measures of isokinetic strength, muscle damage, and blood parameters in female soccer players.
Twenty-two highly trained female soccer players with a mean age of 17.0 ± 1.3 years were randomly assigned to a NMT (n = 11) or ET group (n = 11). NMT and ET programs lasted six weeks with three sessions per week, each 45-60 min. NMT included strength, power, linear sprint and change-of-direction speed, and dynamic stability exercises. ET comprised running, circuit drills, coordination, aerobic circuit, interval-training, speed-endurance exercises, and dynamic stretching. isokinetic knee flexor/extensor parameters (e.g., peak torque) were tested pre- and post-training. Blood samples were analyzed for muscle damage markers: creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and inflammation markers: C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
Significant group-by-time interactions were found for all isokinetic parameters (0.001 < p < 0.012, 1.35 < d < 4.17). Post-hoc tests revealed significant improvements following NMT but not ET (0.001 < p < 0.045, 0.81 < d < 2.46). Additionally, there were also significant group-by-time interactions for IL-6 (p = 0.005; d = 0.31), CK (p = 0.026; d = 1.0), and LDH (p < 0.003; d = 1.44). Variations in IL-6, CK, and LDH determined by post-hoc tests indicated decreases in NMT but not ET (IL-6: p = 0.005, d = 1.27; CK: p = 0.023, d = 1.01; LDH: p = 0.002, d = 1.42).
Six weeks of preseason NMT produced larger improvements in isokinetic strength and less muscle damage and inflammation in highly-trained female soccer players compared to ET group.
季前赛为整个赛季达到最佳体能水平提供了一个机会。问题在于训练计划是否会引发肌肉损伤和炎症过程，这可能会对球员在赛季开始时的准备状态产生负面影响。
研究季前神经肌肉训练计划（NMT）与耐力训练（ET）对女子足球运动员等速肌力、肌肉损伤和血液参数测量指标的影响。
22名平均年龄为17.0±1.3岁的高水平女子足球运动员被随机分为NMT组（n = 11）或ET组（n = 11）。NMT和ET计划持续六周，每周进行三次训练，每次45 - 60分钟。NMT包括力量、功率、直线冲刺和变向速度以及动态稳定性练习。ET包括跑步、循环训练、协调性、有氧循环、间歇训练、速度耐力练习和动态拉伸。在训练前后测试等速屈膝/伸膝参数（如峰值扭矩）。分析血样中的肌肉损伤标志物：肌酸激酶（CK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH），以及炎症标志物：C反应蛋白（CRP）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）。
所有等速参数均发现显著的组×时间交互作用（0.001 < p < 0.012，1.35 < d < 4.17）。事后检验显示NMT后有显著改善，而ET后没有（0.001 < p < 0.045，0.81 < d < 2.46）。此外，IL-6（p = 0.005；d = 0.31）、CK（p = 0.026；d = 1.0）和LDH（p < 0.003；d = 1.44）也存在显著的组×时间交互作用。事后检验确定的IL-6、CK和LDH的变化表明NMT组下降，而ET组没有（IL-6：p = 0.005，d = 1.27；CK：p = 0.023，d = 1.01；LDH：p = 0.002，d = 1.42）。
与ET组相比，六周的季前NMT在高水平女子足球运动员的等速肌力方面产生了更大的改善，并减少了肌肉损伤和炎症。
