Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China.
Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon Gwangyeoksi, Republic of Korea.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 7;14:1188547. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1188547. eCollection 2023.
Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide, but the effects on the thyroid are unknown. This study aims to examine the association between coffee and thyroid function.
Participant data (≥ 20 years, n = 6578) for the observational study were obtained from NHANES 2007-2012. Analysis was performed using weighted linear regression models and multiple logistic regression models. Genetic datasets for Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism were obtained from the IEU database and contained 462,933 European samples. Mendelian randomization (MR) was used for the analysis, inverse variance weighting (IVW) was the main method of analysis.
In the model adjusted for other covariates, participants who drank 2-4 cups of coffee per day had significantly lower TSH concentrations compared to non-coffee drinkers (b=-0.23, 95% CI: -0.30, -0.16), but no statistically significant changes in TT4, FT4, TT3 and FT3. In addition, participants who drank <2 cups of coffee per day showed a low risk of developing subclinical hypothyroidism. (OR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.88) Observational studies and MR studies have demonstrated both that coffee consumption has no effect on the risk of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
Our study showed that drinking <2 cups of coffee per day reduced the risk of subclinical hypothyroidism and drinking 2-4 cups of coffee reduced serum TSH concentrations. In addition, coffee consumption was not associated with the risk of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
咖啡是全球消费最多的饮料之一，但对甲状腺的影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在研究咖啡与甲状腺功能之间的关系。
观察性研究的参与者数据（≥ 20 岁，n = 6578）来自 NHANES 2007-2012 年。使用加权线性回归模型和多变量逻辑回归模型进行分析。甲状腺功能亢进症和甲状腺功能减退症的遗传数据集来自 IEU 数据库，包含 462,933 个欧洲样本。采用孟德尔随机化（MR）进行分析，逆方差加权（IVW）是主要分析方法。
在调整了其他协变量的模型中，与不喝咖啡的人相比，每天喝 2-4 杯咖啡的参与者的 TSH 浓度显著降低（b=-0.23，95%CI：-0.30，-0.16），但 TT4、FT4、TT3 和 FT3 没有统计学意义的变化。此外，每天饮用<2 杯咖啡的参与者发生亚临床甲状腺功能减退的风险较低。（OR=0.60，95%CI：0.41，0.88）观察性研究和 MR 研究均表明，咖啡的摄入对甲状腺功能亢进症和甲状腺功能减退症的风险没有影响。
我们的研究表明，每天饮用<2 杯咖啡可降低亚临床甲状腺功能减退的风险，而饮用 2-4 杯咖啡可降低血清 TSH 浓度。此外，咖啡的摄入与甲状腺功能亢进症和甲状腺功能减退症的风险无关。
