Elasmobranch eye motor dynamics characterised using pseudorandom stimulus.

A pseudorandom binary sequence electrical pulse rate stimulus was delivered to the abducens nerve of an elasmobranch preparation. Ipsilateral eye movements were recorded using a position-sensitive photodiode to measure the position of a reflective patch attached to the fish's eye. Eye position data was cross-correlated with the stimulus pattern, and exponential decay curves were fitted to the cross-correlograms to estimate the time constant of a linear first order low-pass filter model. The cross-correlograms were transformed into the frequency domain using a Digital Fourier Transform, and Bode plots of eye dynamics were plotted. Eye motor plant dynamics in the elasmobranch Cephaloscyllium isabella can be accurately characterised by a linear first order low-pass filter model with a corner frequency of 0.73 +/- 0.10 Hz. Non-minimum phase lag reaches 90 degrees at about 4 Hz, indicating a time delay of some 50-60 ms. Integration of the canal signal is not required for producing compensatory eye movements above the characteristic frequency of the eye motor plant. However, the canal signal may be integrated to ensure that the vestibulo-ocular reflex is compensatory at lower frequencies. Substantial phase compensation or prediction is required for effective control of the vestibulo-ocular reflex.