Research Center for Behavioral and Circular Economics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia.
PLoS One. 2023 Jun 23;18(6):e0286482. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286482. eCollection 2023.
Low-income communities have limited capital and access to money or loans from formal financial institutions. To solve the problems, the government provides solutions, one of them is by forming a microfinance program, namely Rural Agribusiness Business Development (PUAP). PUAP program is one of the grant activities to farmer group association (Gapoktan) with a total capital assistance of IDR 100 million. The problem with the 52,186 Gapoktan units that participated in PUAP activities, only 7,703 units (15%) were transformed into Agribusiness Microfinance Institutions (LKMA). This paper differs from others as it briefly explains the PUAP/MFI's institutional transformation and the factors that affect its sustainability, which is so far still limited discussed. The paper aims to see what transformations Gapoktan becomes an inclusive LKMA and the level of sustainability of the LKMA. The research was conducted in Kendal Regency, Central Java- Indonesia, in 2022 on 5 LKMA. The process of transforming LKMA into an inclusive financial institution is analyzed descriptively. LKMA sustainability levels were analyzed using a multidimensional scaling (MDS) approach with the Rapfish application. So far, MDS with the Rapfish application is still very limited for microfinance analysis. MDS analysis is employed because it is relatively simple and effective for looking at sensitive attributes in improving sustainability and generating leverage attributes that can be used for policy-making. The result study shows that the transformation of PUAP into LKMA is driven by the ability to improve legality, financial governance and diversify the customer's business field. The five LKMAs have a sustainability status of 'sufficient' in running their business, with an index value of more than 50%. The study recommends 1) the Indonesian government could assist LKMA in improving its legality and 2) LKMA's management should get training by experts to improve its financial capability to manage the cost saving.
低收入社区的资金有限，难以获得正规金融机构的资金或贷款。为了解决这些问题，政府提供了一些解决方案，其中之一是建立小额金融方案，即农村农业企业发展（PUAP）。PUAP 方案是向农民团体协会（Gapoktan）提供赠款活动之一，总资本援助为 1 亿印尼盾。在参与 PUAP 活动的 52186 个 Gapoktan 单位中，只有 7703 个单位（15%）转变为农业微型金融机构（LKMA）。本文与其他文献的不同之处在于，它简要解释了 PUAP/MFI 的制度转型以及影响其可持续性的因素，目前对此仍缺乏讨论。本文旨在探讨 Gapoktan 如何转变为包容性 LKMA 以及 LKMA 的可持续性水平。该研究于 2022 年在印度尼西亚中爪哇肯德尔摄政区进行，对 5 个 LKMA 进行了研究。采用多维标度（MDS）方法和 Rapfish 应用程序对 LKMA 的转型过程进行了描述性分析。到目前为止，MDS 与 Rapfish 应用程序在小额金融分析中应用非常有限。采用 MDS 分析是因为它相对简单有效，可以用于观察提高可持续性的敏感属性，并生成可用于决策制定的杠杆属性。研究结果表明，PUAP 向 LKMA 的转型是由提高合法性、财务治理和多样化客户业务领域的能力所驱动的。这五个 LKMA 在经营业务方面具有“充足”的可持续性地位，其指数值超过 50%。本研究建议 1）印度尼西亚政府可以协助 LKMA 提高其合法性，2）LKMA 的管理层应接受专家培训，以提高其财务管理能力，节约成本。
