Materials Science Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Sci Adv. 2023 Jun 23;9(25):eadh0069. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0069.
Structural supercapacitors hold promise to expand the energy capacity of a system by integrating load-bearing and energy-storage functions in a multifunctional structure, resulting in weight savings and safety improvements. Here, we develop strategies based on interfacial engineering to advance multifunctional efficiency. The structural electrodes were reinforced by coating carbon-fiber weaves with a uniquely stable conjugated redox polymer and reduced graphene oxide that raised pseudocapacitive capacitance and tensile strength. The solid polymer electrolyte was tuned to a gradient configuration, where it facilitated high ionic conductivity at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces and transitioned to a composition with high mechanical strength in the bulk for load support. The gradient design enabled the multilayer structural supercapacitors to reach state-of-the-art performance matching the level of monofunctional supercapacitors. In situ electrochemical-mechanical measurements established the device durability under mechanical loads. The structural supercapacitor was made into the hull of a model boat to demonstrate its multifunctionality.
结构超级电容器有望通过在多功能结构中集成承载和储能功能来扩展系统的能量容量，从而实现重量减轻和安全性提高。在这里，我们基于界面工程开发了提高多功能效率的策略。结构电极通过在碳纤维编织物上涂覆独特稳定的共轭氧化还原聚合物和还原氧化石墨烯来增强，这提高了赝电容电容和拉伸强度。对固体聚合物电解质进行了调谐，使其形成梯度结构，在电极-电解质界面处促进高离子导电性，并在整体上过渡到具有高机械强度的组成部分，以支撑负载。梯度设计使多层结构超级电容器达到了与单功能超级电容器相匹配的最新性能水平。原位电化学-机械测量确定了在机械负载下的器件耐久性。结构超级电容器被制成模型船的船体，以展示其多功能性。
