Unit for Basic and Applied Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Santiago de Queretaro 76146, Mexico.
Unit for Basic and Applied Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Santiago de Queretaro 76146, Mexico.
Infect Genet Evol. 2023 Sep;113:105474. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105474. Epub 2023 Jun 24.
Despite the high incidence of urogenital carcinoma (UGC) in California sea lions stranded along California, no UGC has been reported in other areas of their distribution; however, cell morphologies typical of premalignant states have been found. Risk factors for UGC include high of organochlorines and infection with a gammaherpesvirus, OtHV-1, but the importance of the bacteriome for epithelial status remains unknown. We characterized the genital bacteriome of adult female California sea lions along their distribution in the Gulf of California and examined whether the diversity and abundance of the bacteriome varied spatially, whether there were detectable differences in the bacteriome between healthy and altered epithelia, and whether the bacteriome was different in California sea lions infected with OtHV-1 or papillomavirus. We detected 2270 ASVs in the genital samples, of which 35 met the criteria for inclusion in the core bacteriome. Fusobacteriia and Clostridia were present in all samples, at high abundances, and Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Campylobacteria were also well-represented. Alpha diversity and abundance of the California sea lion genital bacteriome varied geographically. The abundance of bacterial ASVs varied depending on the genital epithelial status and inflammation, with differences driven by classes Fusobacteriia, Clostridia, Campylobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria. Alpha diversity and abundance were lowest in samples in which OtHV-1 was detected, and highest those with papillomavirus. Our study is the first investigation of how the bacteriome is related to epithelial status in a wild marine species prone to developing cancer.
尽管加利福尼亚海狮在加利福尼亚搁浅的病例中出现了高比例的泌尿生殖道癌（UGC），但在其分布的其他地区尚未报告 UGC；然而，已经发现了具有癌前状态的典型细胞形态。UGC 的风险因素包括高水平的有机氯化合物和感染γ疱疹病毒 OtHV-1，但细菌组对上皮状态的重要性尚不清楚。我们描述了在加利福尼亚湾分布的成年雌性加利福尼亚海狮的生殖器细菌组，并检查了细菌组的多样性和丰度是否存在空间差异，健康和改变的上皮之间的细菌组是否存在可检测的差异，以及感染 OtHV-1 或乳头瘤病毒的加利福尼亚海狮的细菌组是否不同。我们在生殖器样本中检测到 2270 个 ASV，其中 35 个符合纳入核心细菌组的标准。 Fusobacteriia 和 Clostridia 存在于所有样本中，丰度很高，Actinobacteria、Alphaproteobacteria 和 Campylobacteria 也有很好的代表。加利福尼亚海狮生殖器细菌组的 alpha 多样性和丰度在地理上有所不同。细菌 ASV 的丰度取决于生殖器上皮的状态和炎症，差异由 Fusobacteriia、Clostridia、Campylobacteria 和 Alphaproteobacteria 等类驱动。在检测到 OtHV-1 的样本中，alpha 多样性和丰度最低，在检测到乳头瘤病毒的样本中最高。我们的研究是首次调查细菌组与易发生癌症的野生海洋物种的上皮状态之间的关系。
