Wayne Julie Holliday, Mills Maura J, Wang Yi-Ren, Matthews Russell A, Whitman Marilyn V
Wake Forest University, School of Business, 369 Farrell Hall, Winston-Salem, NC 27109 USA.
Department of Management, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA.
J Bus Psychol. 2023 May 30:1-26. doi: 10.1007/s10869-023-09887-7.
Although much is known of the observable physical tasks associated with household management and child rearing, there is scant understanding of the less visible tasks that are just as critical. Grounding our research in the extant literature, the broader lay discussion, as well as our own qualitative research, we define, conceptualize, and operationalize this construct, which we label as "." Using a mixed method, five-study approach, we offer a comprehensive, multidimensional definition and provide a nine-item, empirically validated scale to measure its component parts-, , and family load. In addition, we investigate gender differences and find, as expected, that women report higher levels of each dimension. We also examine the implications of invisible family load for employee health, well-being, and job attitudes, as well as family-to-work spillover. Although we substantiated some significant negative consequences, contrary to the popular view that consequences of invisible family load are uniformly negative, our results show some potential benefits. Even after accounting for conscientiousness and neuroticism, managerial family load related to greater family-work enrichment, and cognitive family load related to greater family satisfaction and job performance. Yet, emotional family load had uniformly negative potential consequences including greater family-to-work conflict, sleep problems, family and job exhaustion, and lower life and family satisfaction. Our research sets the stage for scholars to forge a path forward to enhance understanding of this phenomenon and its implications for individuals, their families, and the organizations for which they work.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10869-023-09887-7.
尽管我们对与家务管理和育儿相关的可观察到的体力任务了解很多，但对于同样至关重要的不太明显的任务却知之甚少。基于现有文献、更广泛的通俗讨论以及我们自己的定性研究，我们定义、概念化并操作化了这个结构，我们将其标记为“ ”。我们采用混合方法、五项研究的方法，提供了一个全面的、多维度的定义，并提供了一个经过实证验证的包含九个项目的量表来衡量其组成部分—— 、 和家庭负担。此外，我们调查了性别差异，正如预期的那样，发现女性在每个维度上的报告水平更高。我们还研究了无形家庭负担对员工健康、幸福感和工作态度以及家庭对工作溢出效应的影响。尽管我们证实了一些重大的负面后果，但与无形家庭负担的后果一律为负面的普遍观点相反，我们的结果显示了一些潜在的好处。即使在考虑了尽责性和神经质之后，与家庭工作丰富度更高相关的管理家庭负担，以及与家庭满意度和工作绩效更高相关的认知家庭负担。然而，情感家庭负担却一律具有负面的潜在后果，包括更大的家庭对工作的冲突、睡眠问题、家庭和工作倦怠，以及更低的生活和家庭满意度。我们的研究为学者们奠定了基础，以便他们开辟一条前进的道路，以增进对这一现象及其对个人、其家庭以及他们工作的组织的影响的理解。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s10869-023-09887-7获取的补充材料。
