Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China.
Front Immunol. 2023 Jun 8;14:1206504. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206504. eCollection 2023.
Esophageal cancer is a prevalent tumor of the digestive tract worldwide. The detection rate of early-stage esophageal cancer is very low, and most patients are diagnosed with metastasis. Metastasis of esophageal cancer mainly includes direct diffusion metastasis, hematogenous metastasis, and lymphatic metastasis. This article reviews the metabolic process of esophageal cancer metastasis and the mechanisms by which M2 macrophages, CAF, regulatory T cells, and their released cytokines, including chemokines, interleukins, and growth factors, form an immune barrier to the anti-tumor immune response mediated by CD8+ T cells, impeding their ability to kill tumor cells during tumor immune escape. The effect of Ferroptosis on the metastasis of esophageal cancer is briefly mentioned. Moreover, the paper also summarizes common drugs and research directions in chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy for advanced metastatic esophageal cancer. This review aims to serve as a foundation for further investigations into the mechanism and management of esophageal cancer metastasis.
食管癌是一种全球范围内普遍存在的消化道肿瘤。早期食管癌的检出率非常低，大多数患者被诊断为转移。食管癌的转移主要包括直接扩散转移、血行转移和淋巴转移。本文综述了食管癌转移的代谢过程以及 M2 巨噬细胞、CAF、调节性 T 细胞及其释放的细胞因子（包括趋化因子、白细胞介素和生长因子）如何形成免疫屏障，抑制 CD8+T 细胞介导的抗肿瘤免疫反应，从而阻止其在肿瘤免疫逃逸期间杀伤肿瘤细胞。本文还简要提及了铁死亡对食管癌转移的影响。此外，本文还总结了晚期转移性食管癌化疗、免疫治疗和靶向治疗的常用药物和研究方向。本文旨在为进一步研究食管癌转移的机制和管理提供基础。
