Katoch Rajan, Sanadya Sanjay Kumar, Pathania Kiran, Chaudhary H K
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India.
Front Nutr. 2023 Jun 9;10:1126544. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1126544. eCollection 2023.
In the recent years there has been paradigm shift in global agriculture for the exploration of different underutilized crops as future potential crops. Rice bean [ (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi] one of the lesser known pulses among species has gained attention during last decade as food and nutritional security crop. Rice bean seeds are well-balanced source of beneficial constituents such as protein, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and anti-oxidants for health benefits and combating malnourishment in human. In the present investigation, seeds of 15 diverse rice bean accessions from north-western Himalayan region were analyzed for nutrients, anti-nutrients and nutraceutical traits. Significant differences were observed among genotypes for different traits. The rice bean genotypes revealed variation for major quality traits including total carbohydrates (50.56-56.87%), crude protein content (22.56-25.97%) and lipid content (1.87 to 3.17%) with the higher proportion of linolenic acid followed by linoleic acid which are nutritionally desirable PUFAs. The genotype IC-548758 revealed higher proportion of desirable quality traits. Among protein fractions, globulins and albumins constituted major seed storage protein fraction in rice bean seeds. The wide range variation was also observed for anti-nutrients like including raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), phenolics, tannins, trypsin inhibitor (TI), phytic acid, lipoxygenase activity and saponin content among genotypes. Insignificant correlation among iron, zinc, magnesium and manganese revealed good selection accuracy for genetic biofortification program in rice bean. In summary, the genotype IC-548757, IC-548760 and IC-548770 revealed lower proportion of anti-nutrients, whereas, the genotype IC-548759 and IC-548757 revealed higher level of free radical scavenging activity indicating nutritional and nutraceutical superiority of these genotypes. Overall, the study revealed nutritional superiority of genotype IC-548770, IC-548758 and IC-548760 with balanced proportions of nutrients and anti-nutrients. Rice bean legume has the potential to support more sustainable and resilient food and nutritional security in future. Our study highlights the potential of different rice bean genotypes as functional ingredients for future food and nutritional security programmes.
近年来，全球农业发生了范式转变，开始探索不同的未充分利用作物，将其作为未来的潜在作物。饭豆[（Thunb.）Ohwi和Ohashi]是豆类中鲜为人知的品种之一，在过去十年中作为粮食和营养安全作物受到了关注。饭豆种子富含蛋白质、碳水化合物、矿物质、维生素、多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）和抗氧化剂等有益成分，对健康有益，有助于解决人类营养不良问题。在本研究中，对来自喜马拉雅地区西北部的15个不同饭豆种质的种子进行了营养成分、抗营养成分和营养保健特性分析。不同基因型在不同性状上存在显著差异。饭豆基因型在主要品质性状上表现出变异，包括总碳水化合物含量（50.56 - 56.87%）、粗蛋白含量（22.56 - 25.97%）和脂肪含量（1.87至3.17%），其中亚麻酸比例较高，其次是亚油酸，这些都是营养上理想的多不饱和脂肪酸。基因型IC - 548758表现出较高比例的理想品质性状。在蛋白质组分中，球蛋白和白蛋白是饭豆种子中的主要种子贮藏蛋白组分。不同基因型在抗营养成分方面也存在广泛变异，如棉子糖家族寡糖（RFOs）、酚类、单宁、胰蛋白酶抑制剂（TI）、植酸、脂氧合酶活性和皂苷含量等。铁、锌、镁和锰之间的相关性不显著表明在饭豆遗传生物强化计划中有良好的选择准确性。总之，基因型IC - 548757、IC - 548760和IC - 548770的抗营养成分比例较低，而基因型IC - 548759和IC - 548757表现出较高水平的自由基清除活性，表明这些基因型在营养和营养保健方面具有优势。总体而言，该研究揭示了基因型IC - 548770、IC - 548758和IC - 548760在营养和抗营养成分比例平衡方面的营养优势。饭豆有潜力在未来支持更可持续和有韧性的粮食和营养安全。我们的研究突出了不同饭豆基因型作为未来粮食和营养安全计划功能成分的潜力。
