Angelov Nikolay, Waldenström Daniel
The Swedish Tax Agency, Sundbyberg, Sweden.
Uppsala Center for Fiscal Studies (UCFS), Uppsala, Sweden.
J Econ Inequal. 2023 Mar 15:1-29. doi: 10.1007/s10888-022-09560-8.
We measure the distributional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic using newly released population register data in Sweden. Monthly earnings inequality increased during the pandemic, and the key driver is income losses among low-paid individuals while middle- and high-income earners were almost unaffected. In terms of employment, as measured by having positive monthly earnings, the pandemic had a larger negative impact on private-sector workers and on women. In terms of earnings conditional on being employed, the effect was still more negative for women, but less negative for private-sector workers compared to publicly employed. Using data on individual take-up of government COVID-19 support, we show that policy significantly dampened the inequality increase, but did not fully offset it. Annual total market income inequality, which also includes capital income and taxable transfers, shows similar patterns of increasing inequality during the pandemic.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10888-022-09560-8.
我们利用瑞典新发布的人口登记数据来衡量新冠疫情的分配影响。疫情期间月收入不平等加剧，关键驱动因素是低薪个体的收入损失，而中高收入者几乎未受影响。在就业方面，以月收入为正来衡量，疫情对私营部门工人和女性的负面影响更大。在就业条件下的收入方面，女性受到的影响仍然更大，但与公共部门就业人员相比，私营部门工人受到的负面影响较小。利用关于个人领取政府新冠疫情支持的数据，我们表明政策显著抑制了不平等加剧，但并未完全抵消。年度总市场收入不平等，其中还包括资本收入和应税转移支付，在疫情期间也呈现出类似的不平等加剧模式。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s10888-022-09560-8获取的补充材料。
