Bachert C
Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg). 1986 May;65(5):250-5.
The connection between obstruction in the nasal cavity and the antral ventilation is not completely understood. To investigate this problem, experiments with a tube model and a plastinated model of a human nose have been performed (see Fig. 1). It was possible to take the septum off that model to replace it by different septal deviations or to imitate adenoidal hyperplasia. Furthermore, the antral ostium was replaced by cannules of different sizes (0.38-7.06 mm2). Thus, we were able to record the resistance of the nose, the pressure in front of the ostium and the pressure in the sinus synchronously. We were able to show that the antral pressure depends on the depth of breath and its frequency, the choanal pressure, the resistance of the total nose, the localisation of septal deviations in the cavity of the nose and the size of the ostium (see table 1). Proximal obstructions in the nasal cavity--such as adenoidal hyperplasia--caused a diminishing antral pressure amplitude during respiration, distal obstructions caused an increase of the antral pressure (see Fig. 3). Accordingly, the isthmus nasi is a physiological distal obstruction which causes an amelioration of the sinus ventilation. If the ostial surface is reduced to below 1 mm2, there is a time delay of the pressure in front of and behind (i.e. in the sinus) the ostium (see Fig. 2). This means a reduction of the antral pressure amplitude depending on the frequency of respiration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
鼻腔阻塞与鼻窦通气之间的联系尚未完全明了。为研究此问题，我们利用人体鼻部的管道模型和塑化模型进行了实验（见图1）。可以从该模型上取下鼻中隔，用不同的鼻中隔偏曲替代它，或者模拟腺样体增生。此外，用不同尺寸（0.38 - 7.06平方毫米）的插管替代鼻窦开口。这样，我们能够同步记录鼻腔阻力、开口前方压力和鼻窦内压力。我们发现鼻窦压力取决于呼吸深度及其频率、后鼻孔压力、整个鼻腔的阻力、鼻中隔偏曲在鼻腔内的位置以及开口大小（见表1）。鼻腔近端阻塞——如腺样体增生——会导致呼吸过程中鼻窦压力振幅减小，远端阻塞则会使鼻窦压力升高（见图3）。因此，鼻峡部是一种生理性远端阻塞，可改善鼻窦通气。如果开口面积减小至1平方毫米以下，开口前后（即鼻窦内）的压力会出现时间延迟（见图2）。这意味着鼻窦压力振幅会随呼吸频率而降低。（摘要截选至250词）
