Tang Zhuo, Carrel Margaret, Koylu Caglar, Kitchen Andrew
Dept of Geographical and Sustainability Sciences, University of Iowa, 316 Jessup Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Dept of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, 145N.Riverside Drive, CPHB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
One Health. 2023 Apr 5;16:100537. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100537. eCollection 2023 Jun.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus consistently threatens global public health. A better understanding of the virus' circulation mechanism is needed for future epidemic prevention. Previous studies have focused on the correlations between the presence of H5N1 virus and wild bird populations, domestic poultry production, and sociodemographic factors. However, human cultural landscapes and their impact on H5N1 spread have not been adequately explored.
Using 196 HA gene sequences of H5N1 influenza viruses from Indonesia with district-level geographic information, we performed Monmonier barrier and Louvain community detection analyses to explore how human ecological factors impact the circulation of virus and identify barriers to or corridors of dispersal.
Spatial discontinuity in the genetic characteristics identified by the Monmonier algorithm were found to mirror the differences in key landscape factors. Our Louvain community detection analysis also found the co-existence of different geographic circulation patterns. The community detection analysis suggests that direct human-related interactions such as poultry transportations between remote areas may result in similar viruses spreading in two distant regions whilst dense localities supported genetically heterogeneous viruses in geographically adjacent areas.
Human ecological landscapes shape the circulation mechanism of H5N1 virus in multiple ways contingent upon local context. Physical and cultural barriers may impede its movement between adjacent areas, while natural or human-induced corridors such as wild bird flyways and poultry production networks facilitate its spread between geographically distant areas. Further focus on the importance of cultural landscapes has great potential for increasing our understanding of the circulation of pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in Southeast Asia.
高致病性禽流感H5N1病毒一直威胁着全球公共卫生。为了未来的疫情防控，需要更好地了解该病毒的传播机制。以往的研究主要集中在H5N1病毒的存在与野生鸟类种群、家禽养殖以及社会人口因素之间的相关性。然而，人类文化景观及其对H5N1传播的影响尚未得到充分探讨。
利用来自印度尼西亚的196个H5N1流感病毒的血凝素（HA）基因序列以及地区级地理信息，我们进行了蒙莫尼尔障碍分析和鲁汶社区检测分析，以探究人类生态因素如何影响病毒传播，并识别传播的障碍或通道。
蒙莫尼尔算法识别出的遗传特征中的空间不连续性反映了关键景观因素的差异。我们的鲁汶社区检测分析还发现了不同地理传播模式的共存。社区检测分析表明，诸如偏远地区之间的家禽运输等与人类直接相关的互动可能导致相似的病毒在两个遥远地区传播，而人口密集地区则支持地理上相邻区域的基因异质病毒。
人类生态景观以多种方式塑造了H5N1病毒的传播机制，这取决于当地情况。自然和文化障碍可能会阻碍其在相邻地区之间的传播，而诸如野生鸟类迁徙路线和家禽生产网络等自然或人为形成的通道则促进其在地理上遥远的地区之间传播。进一步关注文化景观的重要性对于增进我们对东南亚高致病性H5N1禽流感病毒传播的理解具有巨大潜力。
