College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Westa College, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024;64(27):10069-10088. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2220396. Epub 2023 Jun 27.
A large amount of poultry blood is annually generated, and currently underutilized or largely disposed of as waste, resulting in environmental pollution and waste of protein resources. As one of the main by-products during the poultry slaughter process, the produced poultry blood can serve as a promising food ingredient due to its excellent functional properties and abundant source of essential amino acids, bioactive peptides and functional components. This work provides a comprehensive summary of recent research progress in the composition, functional and bioactive properties, as well as the functional components of poultry blood. Furthermore, the main preparation methods of poultry blood-derived peptides and their bioactivities were reviewed. In addition, their potential applications in the food industry were discussed. Overall, poultry blood is characterized by excellent functionalities, including solubility, gelation, foaming, and emulsifying properties. The major preparation methods for poultry blood-derived peptides include enzymatic hydrolysis, ultrasound-assisted enzymatic methods, macroporous adsorbent resins, and subcritical water hydrolysis. Poultry blood-derived peptides exhibit diverse bioactivities. Their metallic off-flavors and bitterness can be improved by exopeptidase treatment, Maillard reaction, and plastein reaction. In addition, poultry blood is also abundant in functional components such as hemoglobin, superoxide dismutase, immunoglobulin, and thrombin.
每年都会产生大量的家禽血液，目前这些血液未得到充分利用，或者主要被当作废物处理，导致环境污染和蛋白质资源浪费。家禽血液是家禽屠宰过程中的主要副产物之一，由于其具有优良的功能特性和丰富的必需氨基酸、生物活性肽和功能成分来源，因此可以作为一种很有前途的食品原料。本文全面总结了家禽血液的组成、功能和生物活性特性以及功能成分的最新研究进展。此外，还综述了家禽血液衍生肽的主要制备方法及其生物活性。同时，还讨论了它们在食品工业中的潜在应用。总的来说，家禽血液具有优良的功能特性，包括溶解性、凝胶性、起泡性和乳化性。家禽血液衍生肽的主要制备方法包括酶解、超声辅助酶解、大孔吸附树脂和亚临界水水解。家禽血液衍生肽具有多种生物活性。通过外肽酶处理、美拉德反应和类蛋白反应可以改善其金属腥味和苦味。此外，家禽血液还富含血红蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶、免疫球蛋白和凝血酶等功能成分。
