KAM School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College University, Ferozpur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
Pure Health Laboratory, Mafraq Hospital, Abu Dhabi 1227788, United Arab Emirates.
Biosensors (Basel). 2023 May 27;13(6):584. doi: 10.3390/bios13060584.
Conventional diagnostic techniques are based on the utilization of analyte sampling, sensing and signaling on separate platforms for detection purposes, which must be integrated to a single step procedure in point of care (POC) testing devices. Due to the expeditious nature of microfluidic platforms, the trend has been shifted toward the implementation of these systems for the detection of analytes in biochemical, clinical and food technology. Microfluidic systems molded with substances such as polymers or glass offer the specific and sensitive detection of infectious and noninfectious diseases by providing innumerable benefits, including less cost, good biological affinity, strong capillary action and simple process of fabrication. In the case of nanosensors for nucleic acid detection, some challenges need to be addressed, such as cellular lysis, isolation and amplification of nucleic acid before its detection. To avoid the utilization of laborious steps for executing these processes, advances have been deployed in this perspective for on-chip sample preparation, amplification and detection by the introduction of an emerging field of modular microfluidics that has multiple advantages over integrated microfluidics. This review emphasizes the significance of microfluidic technology for the nucleic acid detection of infectious and non-infectious diseases. The implementation of isothermal amplification in conjunction with the lateral flow assay greatly increases the binding efficiency of nanoparticles and biomolecules and improves the limit of detection and sensitivity. Most importantly, the deployment of paper-based material made of cellulose reduces the overall cost. Microfluidic technology in nucleic acid testing has been discussed by explicating its applications in different fields. Next-generation diagnostic methods can be improved by using CRISPR/Cas technology in microfluidic systems. This review concludes with the comparison and future prospects of various microfluidic systems, detection methods and plasma separation techniques used in microfluidic devices.
传统的诊断技术基于在单独的平台上利用分析物采样、传感和信号来进行检测，这必须在即时检测（POC）测试设备中整合到单个步骤中。由于微流控平台的快速发展，这些系统的应用已经从生物化学、临床和食品技术中的分析物检测转向。用聚合物或玻璃等物质成型的微流控系统通过提供许多好处，包括更低的成本、良好的生物亲和力、强大的毛细作用和简单的制造工艺，提供了对传染性和非传染性疾病的特异性和敏感检测。在用于核酸检测的纳米传感器的情况下，需要解决一些挑战，例如在检测之前对核酸进行细胞裂解、分离和扩增。为了避免在执行这些过程中使用繁琐的步骤，在这方面已经部署了一些进展，用于通过引入新兴的模块化微流控领域来进行芯片上的样品制备、扩增和检测，该领域相对于集成微流控具有多个优势。本综述强调了微流控技术在传染性和非传染性疾病的核酸检测中的重要性。与侧向流动分析相结合的等温扩增大大提高了纳米颗粒和生物分子的结合效率，并提高了检测限和灵敏度。最重要的是，纤维素制成的纸基材料的应用降低了整体成本。通过阐述其在不同领域的应用，讨论了微流控技术在核酸检测中的应用。通过在微流控系统中使用 CRISPR/Cas 技术，可以改进下一代诊断方法。本综述最后比较和展望了微流控系统中的各种微流控系统、检测方法和血浆分离技术的未来前景。
