The evaluation of kidney biopsies for specific renal diseases or kidney transplant biopsies is mainly restricted to specialized centers. Lesions in nonneoplastic renal tissue in partial nephrectomies or nephrectomies due to renal tumors, especially noninflammatory, ischemic, vascular changes or diabetic nephropathy can be of greater prognostic significance than the tumor itself in patients with a localized tumor and good tumor-associated survival. In this part of basic nephropathology for pathologists, the most common noninflammatory lesions of the vascular, glomerular and tubulo-interstitial compartment are discussed.