Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy.
Toxins (Basel). 2023 Jun 20;15(6):405. doi: 10.3390/toxins15060405.
Buffelgrass ( L.) is an invasive C4 perennial grass species that substantially reduces native plant diversity of the Sonoran Desert through fire promotion and resource competition. Broad-spectrum herbicides are essentially used for its control, but they have a negative environmental and ecological impact. Recently, phytotoxicity on has been discovered for two metabolites produced in vitro by the phytopathogenic fungi and They were identified as (10,11)-(-)--pyriculol and radicinin and resulted in being potential candidates for the development of bioherbicides for buffelgrass biocontrol. They have already shown promising results, but their ecotoxicological profiles and degradability have been poorly investigated. In this study, ecotoxicological tests against representative organisms from aquatic ecosystems ( bacterium, alga, and crustacean) revealed relatively low toxicity for these compounds, supporting further studies for their practical application. The stability of these metabolites in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 8692:2012 culture medium under different temperatures and light conditions was also evaluated, revealing that 98.90% of radicinin degraded after 3 days in sunlight. Significant degradation percentages (59.51-73.82%) were also obtained at room temperature, 30 °C or under ultraviolet (254 nm) light exposure. On the other hand, (10,11)--pyriculol showed more stability under all the aforementioned conditions (49.26-65.32%). The sunlight treatment was also shown to be most effective for the degradation of this metabolite. These results suggest that radicinin could provide rapid degradability when used in agrochemical formulations, whereas (10,11)--pyriculol stands as a notably more stable compound.
水牛草（L.）是一种入侵的 C4 多年生草本植物，通过促进火灾和资源竞争，大大降低了索诺兰沙漠的本地植物多样性。广谱除草剂基本上用于控制它，但它们对环境和生态有负面影响。最近，发现由植物病原菌 和 产生的两种代谢物对 具有植物毒性。它们被鉴定为（10,11）-（-）--pyriculol 和 radicinin，并成为开发用于水牛草生物防治的生物除草剂的潜在候选物。它们已经显示出有希望的结果，但它们的生态毒性特征和可降解性研究甚少。在这项研究中，针对水生生态系统中的代表性生物（细菌、藻类和甲壳类动物）进行的生态毒性测试表明，这些化合物的毒性相对较低，支持进一步研究它们的实际应用。还评估了这些代谢物在国际标准化组织（ISO）8692:2012 培养基中在不同温度和光照条件下的稳定性，结果表明 radicinin 在阳光下 3 天后降解了 98.90%。在室温、30°C 或在紫外线（254nm）照射下，也获得了显著的降解百分比（59.51-73.82%）。另一方面，（10,11）-pyriculol 在所有上述条件下都表现出更高的稳定性（49.26-65.32%）。结果表明，在农用化学品制剂中使用时，radicinin 可以提供快速的降解性，而（10,11）-pyriculol 则是一种更稳定的化合物。
