Nanas Ioannis, Dokou Stella, Athanasiou Labrini V, Dovolou Eleni, Chouzouris Thomas M, Vasilopoulos Stelios, Grigoriadou Katerina, Giannenas Ilias, Amiridis Georgios S
Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece.
Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Jun 13;13(12):1972. doi: 10.3390/ani13121972.
Flaxseed and lupin seed were offered as an alternative dietary approach in dairy cows, through the partial substitution of soybean meal. Milk production and fertility traits were investigated. A total of 330 animals were allocated into two groups, treated ( = 176) and control ( = 154). From each group, 30 animals were selected for hematological and cytological studies. The experimental feeding period lasted for 81 days (25 days prepartum and 56 days postpartum). The control ration (group C) contained corn, barley, soybean meal, rapeseed cake, corn silage and lucerne hay; whereas, in the treatment group (group T), 50% of the soybean meal was replaced by an equal mixture of flaxseed and lupins. The two rations were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. Milk samples were analyzed for chemical composition, somatic cell count (SCC) content and total colony forming units (CFU). Blood samples were collected, and serum was analyzed for non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), acute phase proteins (haptoglobin and serum amyloid) and lipid oxidation indices, namely thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and catalase activity. To assess polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) numbers, endometrial samples from each cow were collected on days 21 and 42. No difference was recorded between groups in milk yield ( > 0.05). In multiparous cows, NEFA (mMol/L) concentrations were significantly lower in group T than in group C on day 14 ( > 0.009) and on day 42 ( = 0.05), while no difference was detected in the group of primiparous cows. At all time points, serum TBARS and catalase values were similar in both groups ( > 0.05). Multiparous cows in group T expressed the first postpartum estrus and conceived earlier than cows in group C ( ≤ 0.05). Between days 21 to 42 postpartum, the PMN reduction rate was higher in group T animals ( ≤ 0.05). Acute phase protein levels were in general lower in group T animals, and at specific time points differed significantly from group C ( ≤ 0.05). It was concluded that the partial replacement of soybean meal by flaxseed and lupins had no negative effect on milk yield or milk composition, and improved cow fertility; which, along with the lower cost of flaxseed and lupins mixture, may increase milk production profitability.
通过部分替代豆粕，亚麻籽和羽扇豆种子被用作奶牛的一种替代日粮方法。对产奶量和繁殖性能进行了研究。总共330头动物被分为两组，即处理组（n = 176）和对照组（n = 154）。从每组中选取30头动物进行血液学和细胞学研究。实验饲喂期持续81天（产前25天和产后56天）。对照日粮（C组）包含玉米、大麦、豆粕、菜籽饼、玉米青贮和苜蓿干草；而在处理组（T组）中，50%的豆粕被等量的亚麻籽和羽扇豆混合物替代。两种日粮被配制为等氮和等能量的。对牛奶样本进行化学成分、体细胞计数（SCC）含量和总菌落形成单位（CFU）分析。采集血液样本，并分析血清中的非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）、急性期蛋白（触珠蛋白和血清淀粉样蛋白）以及脂质氧化指标，即硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质（TBARS）和过氧化氢酶活性。为评估多形核中性粒细胞（PMN）数量，在第21天和第42天采集每头奶牛的子宫内膜样本。两组之间的产奶量没有差异（P > 0.05）。在经产奶牛中，T组的NEFA（毫摩尔/升）浓度在第14天（P > 0.009）和第42天（P = 0.05）显著低于C组，而初产奶牛组未检测到差异。在所有时间点，两组的血清TBARS和过氧化氢酶值相似（P > 0.05）。T组的经产奶牛产后首次发情并受孕比C组奶牛更早（P ≤ 0.05）。在产后第21至42天之间，T组动物的PMN减少率更高（P ≤ 0.05）。T组动物的急性期蛋白水平总体较低，并且在特定时间点与C组有显著差异（P ≤ 0.05）。得出的结论是，用亚麻籽和羽扇豆部分替代豆粕对产奶量或牛奶成分没有负面影响，并提高了奶牛的繁殖力；这与亚麻籽和羽扇豆混合物较低的成本一起，可能会提高牛奶生产的盈利能力。
