Prescher Hannes, Froimson Jill R, Hanson Summer E
Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60615, USA.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2023 Jun 20;10(6):742. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering10060742.
Adipose tissue is composed of a collection of cells with valuable structural and regenerative function. Taken as an autologous graft, these cells can be used to address soft tissue defects and irregularities, while also providing a reparative effect on the surrounding tissues. Adipose-derived stem or stromal cells are primarily responsible for this regenerative effect through direct differentiation into native cells and via secretion of numerous growth factors and cytokines that stimulate angiogenesis and disrupt pro-inflammatory pathways. Separating adipose tissue into its component parts, i.e., cells, scaffolds and proteins, has provided new regenerative therapies for skin and soft tissue pathology, including that resulting from radiation. Recent studies in both animal models and clinical trials have demonstrated the ability of autologous fat grafting to reverse radiation induced skin fibrosis. An improved understanding of the complex pathologic mechanism of RIF has allowed researchers to harness the specific function of the ASCs to engineer enriched fat graft constructs to improve the therapeutic effect of AFG.
脂肪组织由具有重要结构和再生功能的细胞集合组成。作为自体移植物，这些细胞可用于解决软组织缺损和不平整问题，同时还能对周围组织产生修复作用。脂肪来源的干细胞或基质细胞主要通过直接分化为天然细胞以及分泌多种刺激血管生成和破坏促炎途径的生长因子和细胞因子来发挥这种再生作用。将脂肪组织分离成其组成部分，即细胞、支架和蛋白质，为皮肤和软组织病理学，包括辐射引起的病理学，提供了新的再生疗法。动物模型和临床试验的最新研究表明，自体脂肪移植具有逆转辐射诱导的皮肤纤维化的能力。对放射性皮肤纤维化复杂病理机制的深入了解使研究人员能够利用脂肪干细胞的特定功能来构建富集脂肪移植体，以提高自体脂肪移植的治疗效果。
