Faul Leonard, Rothrock Jane M, LaBar Kevin S
Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Brain Sci. 2023 May 23;13(6):843. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13060843.
Accumulating evidence suggests depression is associated with blunted reactivity to positive and negative stimuli, known as emotion context insensitivity (ECI). However, ECI is not consistently observed in the literature, suggesting moderators that influence its presence. We propose self-relevance as one such moderator, with ECI most apparent when self-relevance is low. We examined this proposal by measuring self-report and facial electromyography (EMG) from the corrugator muscle while participants (n = 81) imagined hypothetical scenarios with varying self-relevance and recalled autobiographical memories. Increased depressive symptoms on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were associated with less differentiated arousal and self-relevance ratings between happy, neutral, and sad scenarios. EMG analyses further revealed that individuals with high depressive symptoms exhibited blunted corrugator reactivity (reduced differentiation) for sad, neutral, and happy scenarios with low self-relevance, while corrugator reactivity remained sensitive to valence for highly self-relevant scenarios. By comparison, in individuals with low depressive symptoms, corrugator activity differentiated valence regardless of stimulus self-relevance. Supporting a role for self-relevance in shaping ECI, we observed no depression-related differences in emotional reactivity when participants recalled highly self-relevant happy or sad autobiographical memories. Our findings suggest ECI is primarily associated with blunted reactivity towards material deemed low in self-relevance.
越来越多的证据表明,抑郁症与对正负刺激的反应迟钝有关,这被称为情绪情境不敏感(ECI)。然而,文献中并非总能观察到ECI,这表明存在影响其出现的调节因素。我们提出自我相关性就是这样一种调节因素,当自我相关性较低时,ECI最为明显。我们通过测量自我报告以及参与者(n = 81)在想象具有不同自我相关性的假设情景并回忆自传式记忆时皱眉肌的面部肌电图(EMG)来检验这一假设。流行病学研究中心抑郁量表上抑郁症状的增加与在快乐、中性和悲伤情景之间较难区分的唤醒水平和自我相关性评分有关。EMG分析进一步表明,抑郁症状严重的个体在自我相关性较低的悲伤、中性和快乐情景中表现出皱眉肌反应迟钝(区分能力降低),而对于高度自我相关的情景,皱眉肌反应仍对价态敏感。相比之下,在抑郁症状较轻的个体中,无论刺激的自我相关性如何,皱眉肌活动都能区分价态。当参与者回忆高度自我相关的快乐或悲伤自传式记忆时,我们观察到情绪反应中不存在与抑郁相关的差异,这支持了自我相关性在塑造ECI中的作用。我们的研究结果表明,ECI主要与对被认为自我相关性较低的材料的反应迟钝有关。