Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Genes (Basel). 2023 May 26;14(6):1161. doi: 10.3390/genes14061161.
Plants can express different phenotypic responses following polyploidization, but ploidy-dependent phenotypic variation has so far not been assigned to specific genetic factors. To map such effects, segregating populations at different ploidy levels are required. The availability of an efficient haploid inducer line in allows for the rapid development of large populations of segregating haploid offspring. Because Arabidopsis haploids can be self-fertilised to give rise to homozygous doubled haploids, the same genotypes can be phenotyped at both the haploid and diploid ploidy level. Here, we compared the phenotypes of recombinant haploid and diploid offspring derived from a cross between two late flowering accessions to map genotype × ploidy (G × P) interactions. Ploidy-specific quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected at both ploidy levels. This implies that mapping power will increase when phenotypic measurements of monoploids are included in QTL analyses. A multi-trait analysis further revealed pleiotropic effects for a number of the ploidy-specific QTLs as well as opposite effects at different ploidy levels for general QTLs. Taken together, we provide evidence of genetic variation between different Arabidopsis accessions being causal for dissimilarities in phenotypic responses to altered ploidy levels, revealing a G × P effect. Additionally, by investigating a population derived from late flowering accessions, we revealed a major vernalisation-specific QTL for variation in flowering time, countering the historical bias of research in early flowering accessions.
植物在多倍化后会表现出不同的表型响应，但迄今为止，倍性依赖的表型变异尚未被归因于特定的遗传因素。为了映射这种效应，需要分离不同倍性水平的群体。在 中存在有效的单倍体诱导系，这使得分离的单倍体后代的大群体能够快速发展。由于拟南芥单倍体可以自交产生纯合加倍单倍体，因此相同的基因型可以在单倍体和二倍体倍性水平上进行表型分析。在这里，我们比较了来自两个晚开花系杂交的重组单倍体和二倍体后代的表型，以绘制基因型×倍性（G×P）互作图谱。在两个倍性水平上都检测到了倍性特异性数量性状位点（QTLs）。这意味着当单倍体的表型测量值包含在 QTL 分析中时，作图能力将会增加。多性状分析进一步揭示了一些倍性特异性 QTL 的多效性效应，以及一般 QTL 在不同倍性水平上的相反效应。总之，我们提供的证据表明，不同拟南芥系之间的遗传变异是导致对改变的倍性水平的表型响应不同的原因，揭示了 G×P 效应。此外，通过研究来自晚开花系的群体，我们揭示了一个主要的春化特异性数量性状位点，用于开花时间的变异，这与早期开花系研究的历史偏见形成了对比。
