Meczekalski Blazej, Niwczyk Olga, Bala Gregory, Szeliga Anna
Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland.
UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland.
J Clin Med. 2023 Jun 14;12(12):4042. doi: 10.3390/jcm12124042.
Premature ovarian insufficiency is a reproductive endocrine disorder characterized by the cessation of ovarian function before the age of 40 years. Although the etiopathology of POI remains largely unknown, certain causative factors have been identified. Individuals affected by POI are at an increased risk of experiencing bone mineral density (BMD) loss. Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) is recommended for patients with POI to mitigate the risk of decreased BMD, starting from the time of diagnosis until reaching the average age of natural menopause. Various studies have compared the dose-effect relationship of estradiol supplementation, as well as different HRT formulations on BMD. The impact of oral contraception on reduced BMD or the potential benefits of adding testosterone to estrogen replacement therapy are still subjects of ongoing discussion. This review provides an overview of the latest advancements in the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of POI as it relates to BMD loss.
卵巢早衰是一种生殖内分泌紊乱疾病，其特征是40岁之前卵巢功能停止。尽管卵巢早衰的病因病理在很大程度上仍不明确，但已确定了某些致病因素。受卵巢早衰影响的个体发生骨矿物质密度（BMD）丧失的风险增加。对于卵巢早衰患者，建议从诊断时起直至达到自然绝经的平均年龄，采用激素替代疗法（HRT）来降低骨密度降低的风险。各种研究比较了雌二醇补充的剂量效应关系，以及不同的激素替代疗法配方对骨密度的影响。口服避孕药对降低骨密度的影响或在雌激素替代疗法中添加睾酮的潜在益处仍是正在讨论的话题。本综述概述了与骨密度丧失相关的卵巢早衰在诊断、评估和治疗方面的最新进展。
