Abu Norhidayah, Mohd Bakhori Noremylia, Shueb Rafidah Hanim
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Advanced Materials Research Centre (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad, Lot 34, Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim Hi-Tech Park, Kulim 09000, Kedah, Malaysia.
Micromachines (Basel). 2023 Jun 12;14(6):1239. doi: 10.3390/mi14061239.
From acute to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer, hepatitis B infection causes a broad spectrum of liver diseases. Molecular and serological tests have been used to diagnose hepatitis B-related illnesses. Due to technology limitations, it is challenging to identify hepatitis B infection cases at an early stage, particularly in a low- and middle-income country with constrained resources. Generally, the gold-standard methods to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection requires dedicated personnel, bulky, expensive equipment and reagents, and long processing times which delay the diagnosis of HBV. Thus, lateral flow assay (LFA), which is inexpensive, straightforward, portable, and operates reliably, has dominated point-of-care diagnostics. LFA consists of four parts: a sample pad where samples are dropped; a conjugate pad where labeled tags and biomarker components are combined; a nitrocellulose membrane with test and control lines for target DNA-probe DNA hybridization or antigen-antibody interaction; and a wicking pad where waste is stored. By modifying the pre-treatment during the sample preparation process or enhancing the signal of the biomarker probes on the membrane pad, the accuracy of the LFA for qualitative and quantitative analysis can be improved. In this review, we assembled the most recent developments in LFA technologies for the progress of hepatitis B infection detection. Prospects for ongoing development in this area are also covered.
从急性肝炎到慢性肝炎、肝硬化和肝细胞癌,乙型肝炎感染会引发一系列广泛的肝脏疾病。分子和血清学检测已被用于诊断乙型肝炎相关疾病。由于技术限制,早期识别乙型肝炎感染病例具有挑战性,尤其是在资源有限的低收入和中等收入国家。一般来说,检测乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染的金标准方法需要专业人员、庞大且昂贵的设备和试剂,以及较长的处理时间,这会延迟HBV的诊断。因此,横向流动检测(LFA)因其价格低廉、操作简单、便于携带且运行可靠,在即时诊断中占据主导地位。LFA由四个部分组成:一个用于滴加样本的样本垫;一个用于结合标记物和生物标志物成分的结合垫;一个带有用于目标DNA与探针DNA杂交或抗原 - 抗体相互作用的检测线和对照线的硝酸纤维素膜;以及一个用于储存废物的吸水垫。通过在样本制备过程中修改预处理或增强膜垫上生物标志物探针的信号,可以提高LFA进行定性和定量分析的准确性。在本综述中,我们汇总了LFA技术在乙型肝炎感染检测进展方面的最新发展情况。还涵盖了该领域持续发展的前景。