Meireles Anne Caroline Alves, Rios Flávia Geovana Fontineles, Feitoza Luiz Henrique Maciel, da Silva Lucas Rosendo, Julião Genimar Rebouças
Laboratory of Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz Rondônia, Rua da Beira 7671, Lagoa, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Health, PhD in Sciences-Fiocruz Rondônia/Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rua da Beira 7671, Lagoa, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil.
Pathogens. 2023 Jun 8;12(6):816. doi: 10.3390/pathogens12060816.
Mosquitoes are vectors of many pathogens, including viruses, protozoans, and helminths, spreading these pathogens to humans as well as to wild and domestic animals. As the identification of species and the biological characterization of mosquito vectors are cornerstones for understanding patterns of disease transmission, and the design of control strategies, we conducted a literature review on the current use of noninvasive and nondestructive techniques for pathogen detection in mosquitoes, highlighting the importance of their taxonomic status and systematics, and some gaps in the knowledge of their vectorial capacity. Here, we summarized the alternative techniques for pathogen detection in mosquitoes based on both laboratory and field studies. Parasite infection and dissemination by mosquitoes can also be obtained via analyses of saliva- and excreta-based techniques or of the whole mosquito body, using a near-infrared spectrometry (NIRS) approach. Further research should be encouraged to seek strategies for detecting target pathogens while preserving mosquito morphology, especially in biodiversity hotspot regions, thus enabling the discovery of cryptic or new species, and the determination of more accurate taxonomic, parasitological, and epidemiological patterns.
蚊子是许多病原体的传播媒介，包括病毒、原生动物和蠕虫，它们将这些病原体传播给人类以及野生动物和家畜。由于蚊子种类的鉴定及其生物学特性是理解疾病传播模式和设计控制策略的基石，我们对当前用于检测蚊子体内病原体的非侵入性和非破坏性技术的应用进行了文献综述，强调了它们的分类地位和系统学的重要性，以及在其传播能力知识方面的一些空白。在此，我们基于实验室研究和实地研究总结了检测蚊子体内病原体的替代技术。通过基于唾液和排泄物的技术分析或使用近红外光谱法（NIRS）对整个蚊子身体进行分析，也可以了解蚊子的寄生虫感染和传播情况。应鼓励进一步开展研究，以寻求在保留蚊子形态的同时检测目标病原体的策略，特别是在生物多样性热点地区，从而能够发现隐性或新物种，并确定更准确的分类学、寄生虫学和流行病学模式。
