Lombrea Adelina, Romanescu Mirabela, Jianu Narcisa, Andor Minodora, Suciu Maria, Man Dana Emilia, Danciu Corina, Dehelean Cristina Adriana, Buda Valentina
Doctoral School, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Jun 7;16(6):853. doi: 10.3390/ph16060853.
Pharmacological responses vary by sex in several illnesses. This narrative review summarizes sex variations in pharmaceutical response in SARS-CoV-2 infection, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 is more severe and deadly in men than women. This may be attributed to immunological responses, genetics, and hormones. Some research shows that men may respond better to genomic vaccinations and females to antiviral medications such as remdesivir (Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech). In dyslipidemia, women tend to have greater HDL-C and lower LDL-C than men. Some studies show that females may need lower statin dosages than men to obtain equal LDL-C reductions. Ezetimibe co-administered with a statin significantly improved lipid profile indicators in men compared to women. Statins reduce dementia risk. Atorvastatin decreased dementia risk in males (adjusted HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.97), whereas lovastatin lowered dementia risk in women (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.58-0.95). In diabetes mellitus, evidence suggests that females may have a higher risk of developing certain complications such as diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy, despite having lower rates of cardiovascular disease than males. This could be the result of differences in hormonal influences and genetic factors. Some research shows females may respond better to oral hypoglycemic medications such as metformin. In conclusion, sex-related differences in pharmacological response have been observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. Further research is needed to better understand these differences and to develop personalized treatment strategies for males and females with these conditions.
在几种疾病中，药理反应存在性别差异。本叙述性综述总结了新型冠状病毒2型感染、血脂异常和糖尿病在药物反应方面的性别差异。新型冠状病毒2型感染在男性中比女性更严重、更致命。这可能归因于免疫反应、遗传学和激素。一些研究表明，男性可能对基因疫苗接种反应更好，而女性对抗病毒药物如瑞德西韦（莫德纳和辉瑞 - 生物科技公司）反应更好。在血脂异常方面，女性往往比男性具有更高的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和更低的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）。一些研究表明，女性可能比男性需要更低剂量的他汀类药物才能获得相同程度的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低。与他汀类药物联合使用时，依折麦布在男性中比女性更能显著改善血脂指标。他汀类药物可降低痴呆风险。阿托伐他汀降低男性痴呆风险（调整后风险比HR为0.92，95%置信区间CI为0.88 - 0.97），而洛伐他汀降低女性痴呆风险（HR为0.74，95%CI为0.58 - 0.95）。在糖尿病方面，有证据表明，尽管女性患心血管疾病的几率低于男性，但她们患某些并发症如糖尿病视网膜病变和神经病变的风险可能更高。这可能是激素影响和遗传因素差异的结果。一些研究表明，女性可能对二甲双胍等口服降糖药物反应更好。总之，在新型冠状病毒2型感染、血脂异常和糖尿病中已观察到药理反应的性别相关差异。需要进一步研究以更好地理解这些差异，并为患有这些疾病的男性和女性制定个性化治疗策略。
