Moghtaderi Maryam, Bazzazan Saba, Sorourian Ghazal, Sorourian Maral, Akhavanzanjani Yasaman, Noorbazargan Hassan, Ren Qun
School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran.
Department of Community Medicine, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 1477893855, Iran.
Pharmaceutics. 2023 Jun 9;15(6):1699. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061699.
Non-healing wounds impose huge cost on patients, healthcare, and society, which are further fortified by biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) problems. Here, Thymol, an herbal antimicrobial agent, is utilized to combat AMR. For efficient delivery of Thymol gelatin methacryloyl (GelMa), a hydrophilic polymeric hydrogel with excellent biocompatibility combined with niosome was used to encapsulate Thymol. After optimization of the niosomal Thymol (Nio-Thymol) in the company of GelMa (Nio-Thymol@GelMa) to achieve maximum entrapment efficiency, minimum size, and low polydispersity index, the Thymol release peaked at 60% and 42% from Nio-Thymol@GelMa in medium with pH values of 6.5 and 7.4 after 72 h, respectively. Furthermore, Nio-Thymol@GelMa demonstrated higher antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity than Nio-Thymol and free Thymol against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Interestingly, compared with other obtained formulations, Nio-Thymol@GelMa also led to greater enhancement of migration of human dermal fibroblasts in vitro, and higher upregulation of the expression of certain growth factors such as FGF-1, and matrix metalloproteinases such as MMP-2 and MMP-13. These results suggest that Nio-Thymol@GelMa can represent a potential drug preparation for Thymol to enhance the wound healing process and antibacterial efficacy.
难愈合伤口给患者、医疗保健系统和社会带来了巨大的成本负担，生物膜形成和抗菌耐药性（AMR）问题进一步加剧了这一负担。在此，百里香酚，一种草药抗菌剂，被用于对抗AMR。为了高效递送百里香酚，将具有优异生物相容性的亲水性聚合物水凝胶明胶甲基丙烯酰（GelMa）与脂质体结合用于包裹百里香酚。在优化脂质体包裹的百里香酚（Nio - 百里香酚）与GelMa（Nio - 百里香酚@GelMa）组合以实现最大包封率、最小尺寸和低多分散指数后，在pH值为6.5和7.4的介质中，72小时后Nio - 百里香酚@GelMa中百里香酚的释放峰值分别为60%和42%。此外，Nio - 百里香酚@GelMa对革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌均表现出比Nio - 百里香酚和游离百里香酚更高的抗菌和抗生物膜活性。有趣的是，与其他获得的制剂相比，Nio - 百里香酚@GelMa在体外还能更大程度地促进人皮肤成纤维细胞的迁移，并更高程度地上调某些生长因子如FGF - 1以及基质金属蛋白酶如MMP - 2和MMP - 13的表达。这些结果表明，Nio - 百里香酚@GelMa可能是一种潜在的百里香酚药物制剂，可促进伤口愈合过程并提高抗菌效果。
