Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Front Public Health. 2023 Jun 12;11:1163604. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1163604. eCollection 2023.
Extant literature has demonstrated significant associations between HIV-related stress, social support, and depression among PLWH. However, little research has been conducted on the changes in such associations over time. Our study aims to explore the longitudinal relationship between HIV-related stress, social support, and depression among PLWH over five years.
320 PLWH were recruited from Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Hunan Province, China. They were assessed for depressive symptoms, HIV-related stress, and social support within 1 month of HIV diagnosis, 1 year after diagnosis, and five years after diagnosis, respectively. Relationships between these variables were examined using a fixed effect model.
The prevalence of depressive symptoms within the first month, first year, and fifth years of HIV diagnosis was 35, 12.2, and 14.7%, respectively. Emotional stress (: 0.730, 95% CI: 0.648, 0.811), social stress (: 0.066, 95% CI: 0.010, 0.123), instrumental stress (: 0.133, 95% CI:0.046, 0.221) positively predicted depression, while social support utilization (: -0.176, 95% CI: -0.303, -0.049) negatively predicted depression.
Our study suggests that HIV-related stress and social support predict depressive symptoms over time among PLWH and that reducing HIV-related stress and improving social support in the early stages of diagnosis is extremely important in preventing depressive symptoms among PLWH.
现有文献表明，HIV 相关压力、社会支持与 HIV 感染者（PLWH）的抑郁之间存在显著关联。然而，针对这些关联随时间变化的研究较少。本研究旨在探讨 PLWH 在五年内 HIV 相关压力、社会支持与抑郁之间的纵向关系。
本研究共招募了 320 名来自中国湖南省长沙市疾病预防控制中心的 PLWH。他们分别在 HIV 诊断后 1 个月、1 年后和 5 年后接受抑郁症状、HIV 相关压力和社会支持评估。采用固定效应模型检验这些变量之间的关系。
HIV 诊断后第一个月、第一年和第五年的抑郁症状发生率分别为 35%、12.2%和 14.7%。情绪压力（β=0.730，95%CI：0.648，0.811）、社会压力（β=0.066，95%CI：0.010，0.123）、工具性压力（β=0.133，95%CI：0.046，0.221）正向预测抑郁，而社会支持利用（β=-0.176，95%CI：-0.303，-0.049）负向预测抑郁。
本研究表明，HIV 相关压力和社会支持随时间推移预测 PLWH 的抑郁症状，在诊断早期减少 HIV 相关压力和提高社会支持对预防 PLWH 的抑郁症状非常重要。
