Ergul Aslihan, Yuksel Ozgor Bahar
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istinye University, Istanbul, TUR.
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Esenler Maternity and Children's Hospital, Istanbul, TUR.
Cureus. 2023 May 18;15(5):e39169. doi: 10.7759/cureus.39169. eCollection 2023 May.
Introduction In recent years, the refugee crisis has become one of the most serious problems. It is well-known that women, individuals aged under 18 years, and pregnant refugees are particularly vulnerable to adverse conditions. In this study, we aimed to determine the characteristics of pregnant refugee women aged under 18 years. Methodology Data for pregnant women were recorded prospectively from 2019 to 2021, and pregnant refugee women aged ≤18 years were enrolled in the study. Sociodemographic characteristics of women, gravidity and parity status, the status of regular antenatal care visits and antenatal care visit any time until birth, type of birth, causes for cesarean section, presence of maternal comorbidities, obstetric complications, and baby-related characteristics were recorded. Results A total of 134 pregnant refugees were enrolled in the study. A total of 31 (23.1%) women had completed primary school, and two (1.5%) women had completed middle school or high school. Additionally, only 3.7% of women had a regular job, and 64.2% of the refugees had a total family income below the minimum wage. Also, 10.4% of women lived with more than three people outside the nuclear family. Gravidity numbers were one for 65 (48.5%) women, two for 50 (37.3%) women, and more than two for 19 (14.2%) women, respectively. The proportion of women with regular antenatal care visits was 19.4% (26), and 45.5% (61) had irregular antenatal care visits. Anemia and urinary tract infections were detected in 52 (28.8%) patients and seven (5.2%) patients, respectively. The proportion of preterm delivery was 8.9%, and 10.5% of infants had low birth weight. A total of 16 (11.9%) babies required neonatal intensive care unit support. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that pregnant women who are refugees and aged under 18 years have low education levels, insufficient family income, and often live in crowded families and even as the second wife of a husband. Moreover, although the birth rate was high in pregnant refugees, the rate of regular antenatal follow-up was low. Finally, this study showed that maternal anemia, preterm birth, and low birth weight were common in pregnant refugees.
引言 近年来，难民危机已成为最严重的问题之一。众所周知，妇女、18岁以下的个人以及怀孕的难民特别容易受到不利条件的影响。在本研究中，我们旨在确定18岁以下怀孕难民妇女的特征。
方法 前瞻性记录了2019年至2021年孕妇的数据，并将年龄≤18岁的怀孕难民妇女纳入研究。记录了妇女的社会人口学特征、妊娠次数和产次状况、定期产前检查的情况以及直至分娩前任何时间的产前检查情况、分娩类型、剖宫产原因、孕产妇合并症情况、产科并发症以及与婴儿相关的特征。
结果 共有134名怀孕难民参与了本研究。共有31名（23.1%）妇女完成了小学教育，两名（1.5%）妇女完成了初中或高中教育。此外，只有3.7%的妇女有固定工作，64.2%的难民家庭总收入低于最低工资。另外，10.4%的妇女与核心家庭以外的三人以上共同生活。妊娠次数方面，65名（48.5%）妇女为1次，50名（37.3%）妇女为2次，19名（14.2%）妇女超过2次。定期进行产前检查的妇女比例为19.4%（26名），45.5%（61名）妇女产前检查不规律。分别在52名（28.8%）患者和7名（5.2%）患者中检测到贫血和尿路感染。早产比例为8.9%，10.5%的婴儿出生体重低。共有16名（11.9%）婴儿需要新生儿重症监护病房的支持。
结论 本研究表明，18岁以下的怀孕难民妇女教育水平低、家庭收入不足，且经常生活在拥挤的家庭中，甚至作为丈夫的第二任妻子。此外，尽管怀孕难民的出生率较高，但定期产前随访率较低。最后，本研究表明，怀孕难民中孕产妇贫血、早产和低出生体重情况较为常见。
