Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
Inflamm Res. 2023 Jul;72(7):1453-1463. doi: 10.1007/s00011-023-01761-9. Epub 2023 Jun 28.
RhoG is a multifaceted member of the Rho family of small GTPases, sharing the highest sequence identity with the Rac subfamily members. It acts as a molecular switch, when activated, plays a central role in regulating the fundamental processes in immune cells, such as actin-cytoskeleton dynamics, transendothelial migration, survival, and proliferation, including immunological functions (e.g., phagocytosis and trogocytosis) during inflammatory responses.
We have performed a literature review based on published original and review articles encompassing the significant effect of RhoG on immune cell functions from central databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar.
Recently published data shows that the dynamic expression of different transcription factors, non-coding RNAs, and the spatiotemporal coordination of different GEFs with their downstream effector molecules regulates the cascade of Rho signaling in immune cells. Additionally, alterations in RhoG-specific signaling can lead to physiological, pathological, and developmental adversities. Several mutations and RhoG-modulating factors are also known to pre-dispose the downstream signaling with abnormal gene expression linked to multiple diseases. This review focuses on the cellular functions of RhoG, interconnecting different signaling pathways, and speculates the importance of this small GTPase as a prospective target against several pathological conditions.
RhoG 是 Rho 家族小 GTPase 的一个多面手，与 Rac 亚家族成员具有最高的序列同一性。它作为一个分子开关，在被激活后，在调节免疫细胞的基本过程中发挥核心作用，如肌动蛋白细胞骨架动力学、跨内皮迁移、存活和增殖，包括免疫功能（如吞噬作用和 trogocytosis）在炎症反应期间。
我们根据发表的原始和综述文章进行了文献综述，这些文章涵盖了 RhoG 对免疫细胞功能的重要影响，这些文章来自于包括 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 在内的核心数据库。
最近发表的数据表明，不同转录因子、非编码 RNA 的动态表达以及不同 GEFs 与其下游效应分子的时空协调，调节了免疫细胞中 Rho 信号的级联反应。此外，RhoG 特异性信号的改变可导致生理、病理和发育障碍。已知几种突变和 RhoG 调节因子也可导致下游信号异常，与多种疾病相关的基因表达异常。本综述重点介绍 RhoG 的细胞功能，连接不同的信号通路，并推测这种小 GTPase 作为针对几种病理状况的潜在靶点的重要性。
