Chair of Bioseparation Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, Germany.
Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2023 Aug;228:113428. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113428. Epub 2023 Jun 23.
Coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) are promising candidates for various applications in nanomedicine, including imaging, magnetic hyperthermia, and drug delivery. The application of IONs in nanomedicine is influenced by factors such as biocompatibility, surface properties, agglomeration, degradation behavior, and thrombogenicity. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the effects of coating material and thickness on the behavior and performance of IONs in the human body. In this study, IONs with a carboxymethyl dextran (CMD) coating and two thicknesses of silica coating (TEOS0.98, and TEOS3.91) were screened and compared to bare iron oxide nanoparticles (BIONs). All three coated particles showed good cytocompatibility (>70%) when tested with smooth muscle cells over three days. To investigate their potential long term behavior inside the human body, the Fe release and hydrodynamic diameters of silica-coated and CMD (carboxymethyl dextrane)-coated IONs were analyzed in simulated body fluids for 72 h at 37 °C. The ION@CMD showed moderate agglomeration of around 100 nm in all four simulated fluids and dissolved faster than the silica-coated particles in artificial exosomal fluid and artificial lysosomal fluid. The particles with silica coating agglomerated in all tested simulated media above 1000 nm. Increased thickness of the silica coating led to decreased degradation of particles. Additionally, CMD coating resulted in nanoparticles with the least prothrombotic activity, and the thick silica coating apparently decreased the prothrombotic properties of nanoparticles compared to BIONs and ION@TEOS0.98. For magnetic resonance applications, ION@CMD and ION@TEOS3.91 showed comparatively high relaxation rates R values. In magnetic particle imaging experiments ION@TEOS3.91 yielded the highest normalized signal to noise ratio values and in magnetic hyperthermia studies, ION@CMD and ION@TEOS0.98 showed similar specific loss power. These findings demonstrate the potential of coated IONs in nanomedicine and emphasize the importance of understanding the effect of coating material and thickness on their behavior and performance in the human body.
包被氧化铁纳米粒子（IONs）是在纳米医学中具有广泛应用前景的候选材料，包括成像、磁热疗和药物递送。IONs 在纳米医学中的应用受到生物相容性、表面性质、聚集、降解行为和血栓形成等因素的影响。因此，研究涂层材料和厚度对 IONs 在人体内的行为和性能的影响至关重要。在本研究中，筛选并比较了具有羧甲基葡聚糖（CMD）涂层和两种不同厚度的硅涂层（TEOS0.98 和 TEOS3.91）的 IONs 与裸氧化铁纳米粒子（BIONs）。在三天的时间里，所有三种包被的粒子与平滑肌细胞共培养时均显示出良好的细胞相容性（>70%）。为了研究它们在人体内的潜在长期行为，在 37°C 下，在模拟体液中分析了硅涂层和 CMD（羧甲基葡聚糖）包被的 IONs 的铁释放和水动力直径 72 小时。ION@CMD 在所有四种模拟液体中均表现出适度的聚集，约为 100nm，并且在人工外泌体和人工溶酶体液体中的溶解速度比硅涂层颗粒快。具有硅涂层的颗粒在所有测试的模拟介质中均聚集在 1000nm 以上。硅涂层厚度的增加导致颗粒降解减少。此外，CMD 涂层导致具有最小促血栓活性的纳米粒子，并且与 BIONs 和 ION@TEOS0.98 相比，厚的硅涂层明显降低了纳米粒子的促血栓性质。对于磁共振应用，ION@CMD 和 ION@TEOS3.91 显示出相对较高的弛豫率 R 值。在磁性粒子成像实验中，ION@TEOS3.91 产生了最高的归一化信噪比值，而在磁热疗研究中，ION@CMD 和 ION@TEOS0.98 显示出相似的比损耗功率。这些发现表明包被的 IONs 在纳米医学中的应用潜力，并强调了理解涂层材料和厚度对其在人体内的行为和性能的影响的重要性。
