Center for Health Policy Research and Evaluation, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Jun 28;23(1):1257. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16147-z.
Vaccination is proved to be one of the most effective and efficient way to prevent illness and reduce health inequality. Studies about association between vaccination inequalities in the childhood and awareness of basic public health services program among internal migrants in China are lacking. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between migrants' vaccination status between 0 and 6 years old and their awareness of the National Basic Public Health Services (BPHSs) project in China.
We included 10,013 respondents aged 15 years old or above of eight provinces from 2017 Migrant Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey in China, a nationwide cross-sectional study. Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to assess vaccination inequalities and the awareness of public health information.
Only 64.8% migrants were vaccinated in their childhood, which is far below the goal of national requirement of 100% vaccination. This also indicated the vaccination inequalities among migrants. Female, the middle-aged, married or having a relationship, the highly educated and the healthy population had higher awareness of this project than others. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regressions showed greatly significant association between vaccination status and some vaccines. Specifically, after adding convariates, the results showed that there were significant associations between the vaccination rates of eight recommended vaccines in the childhood and their awareness of BPHSs project (all p values < 0.001), including HepB vaccine (OR: 1.28; 95%CI: 1.19, 1.37), HepA vaccine (OR: 1.27; 95%CI: 1.15, 1.41), FIn vaccine (OR: 1.28; 95%CI: 1.16, 1.45), JE vaccine (OR: 1.14; 95%CI: 1.04, 1.27), TIG vaccine (OR: 1.27; 95%CI: 1.05, 1.47), DTaP vaccine (OR: 1.30; 95%CI: 1.11-1.53), MPSV vaccine (OR: 1.26; 95%CI: 1.07-1.49), HF vaccine (OR: 1.32; 95%CI: 1.11, 1.53), except for RaB vaccine (OR: 1.07; 95%CI: 0.89, 1.53).
The vaccination inequalities exist among migrants. There is a strong relationship between the vaccination status in the childhood and the awareness rate of BPHSs project among migrants. From our findings we could know that the promotion of vaccination rates of the disadvantaged population such as the internal migrants or other minority population can help them increase the awareness of free public health services, which was proved to be beneficial for health equity and effectiveness and could promote public health in the future.
疫苗接种被证明是预防疾病和减少健康不平等的最有效和最有效的方法之一。关于中国国内移民儿童疫苗接种不平等与基本公共卫生服务项目意识之间关系的研究还很缺乏。本研究旨在探讨 0 至 6 岁移民儿童的疫苗接种状况与他们对中国国家基本公共卫生服务（BPHS）项目的认识之间的关系。
我们纳入了来自中国 2017 年流动人口动态监测调查的 8 个省份的 10013 名 15 岁及以上的受访者，这是一项全国性的横断面研究。采用单变量和多变量逻辑回归评估疫苗接种不平等和公共卫生信息的知晓情况。
只有 64.8%的移民在儿童时期接种了疫苗，远低于国家 100%接种疫苗的目标，这也表明了移民之间存在疫苗接种不平等。女性、中年、已婚或有伴侣、受教育程度较高和健康人群比其他人更了解该项目。单变量和多变量逻辑回归都显示疫苗接种状况与某些疫苗之间存在显著关联。具体来说，在加入共变量后，结果表明，在儿童时期接种 8 种推荐疫苗的比率与对 BPHS 项目的认识之间存在显著关联（所有 p 值均<0.001），包括乙肝疫苗（OR：1.28；95%CI：1.19，1.37）、甲肝疫苗（OR：1.27；95%CI：1.15，1.41）、流感疫苗（OR：1.28；95%CI：1.16，1.45）、乙脑疫苗（OR：1.14；95%CI：1.04，1.27）、破伤风疫苗（OR：1.27；95%CI：1.05，1.47）、百白破疫苗（OR：1.30；95%CI：1.11-1.53）、脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗（OR：1.26；95%CI：1.07-1.49）、流感嗜血杆菌疫苗（OR：1.32；95%CI：1.11，1.53），但风疹疫苗除外（OR：1.07；95%CI：0.89，1.53）。
移民中存在疫苗接种不平等。儿童时期的疫苗接种状况与移民对基本公共卫生服务项目的知晓率之间存在很强的关系。从我们的研究结果可以看出，促进弱势人群（如国内移民或其他少数民族）的疫苗接种率可以帮助他们提高对免费公共卫生服务的认识，这被证明对健康公平和效果有益，并可能促进未来的公共卫生。
