Preston Alan M, Clayton Priscilla K
Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences, Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Florida, International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
J Food Sci Nutr Res. 2023;6(2):51-55. doi: 10.26502/jfsnr.2642-110000129. Epub 2023 May 10.
Mediterranean style eating pattern is regarded as among the worlds' healthiest. Numerous studies have shown that the Mediterranean eating pattern can promote weight loss, however, if combined with caloric restriction as promoted via internet sites, are inherent advantages retained or do macronutrients fall below recommended levels and if so, at which energy values does this occur?
To address this question.
We have formulated a meal which was developed from items on menus in Barcelona, Spain. Macronutrients were determined using NDSR software and the meal was assessed for carbohydrate, fat and protein content at recommended levels of 2500 and 2000 kcal/day as well as at 1600, 1200 and 800 kcal/day through control of portion sizes. Authenticity of the meal as being Mediterranean- type was verified by comparison to established standards contained in dietary guidelines for Americans as well as similarity to percent of macronutrients published in the literature.
Comparison of our results to guidelines for a Mediterranean style eating pattern showed fruit, protein and oil intake to be sufficient but not so for the vegetables, grains and dairy food groups. All macronutrients reached dietary recommended amounts when analyzed at energy values of 2500 and 2000 kcal/day. Fat and carbohydrate content satisfied recommended amounts at intakes of 1600 and 1200 kcal/day but the amount of protein was insufficient at all values below 2000 kcal/day.
Although a Mediterranean-style eating pattern is among the healthiest, in order to maintain macronutrient adequacy, it should not be energy compromised.
地中海式饮食模式被认为是世界上最健康的饮食模式之一。众多研究表明，地中海式饮食模式有助于减肥，然而，如果与网站上推广的热量限制相结合，其固有的优势是否依然存在？常量营养素是否会低于推荐水平？如果是，在何种能量值下会出现这种情况？
解决这个问题。
我们制定了一份基于西班牙巴塞罗那菜单上菜品的餐食。使用NDSR软件测定常量营养素，并通过控制食物分量，评估该餐食在2500千卡/天和2000千卡/天的推荐水平下以及1600千卡/天、1200千卡/天和800千卡/天的碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质含量。通过与美国膳食指南中的既定标准进行比较，以及与文献中公布的常量营养素百分比进行对比，验证该餐食作为地中海式餐食的真实性。
将我们的结果与地中海式饮食模式指南进行比较发现，水果、蛋白质和油的摄入量足够，但蔬菜、谷物和乳制品组的摄入量不足。当以2500千卡/天和2000千卡/天的能量值进行分析时，所有常量营养素都达到了膳食推荐量。在1600千卡/天和1200千卡/天的摄入量下，脂肪和碳水化合物含量满足推荐量，但在所有低于2000千卡/天的值下，蛋白质含量都不足。
尽管地中海式饮食模式是最健康的饮食模式之一，但为了维持常量营养素的充足性，不应降低能量摄入。
