运用行为经济学理解成年过渡期酒精使用结果的变化：纵向关系以及性别和种族差异。
Applying behavioral economics to understand changes in alcohol outcomes during the transition to adulthood: Longitudinal relations and differences by sex and race.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Memphis.
Peter Boris Centre for Addiction Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton.
出版信息
Psychol Addict Behav. 2024 Jun;38(4):424-436. doi: 10.1037/adb0000943. Epub 2023 Jun 29.
OBJECTIVE
Population drinking trends show clear developmental periodicity, with steep increases in harmful alcohol use from ages 18 to 22 followed by a gradual decline across the 20s, albeit with persistent problematic use in a subgroup of individuals. Cross-sectional studies implicate behavioral economic indicators of alcohol overvaluation (high alcohol demand) and lack of alternative substance-free reinforcers (high proportionate alcohol-related reinforcement) as potential predictors of change during this developmental window, but longitudinal evidence is sparse.
METHOD
Using a sample of emerging adults ( = 497, = 22.61 years, 62% female, 48.69% White, 40.44% Black), this study examined prospective, bidirectional relations between both past-week heavy drinking days (HDD) and alcohol problems and proportionate alcohol-related reinforcement (reinforcement ratio), alcohol demand intensity (consumption at zero price), alcohol demand (maximum expenditure), and change in demand elasticity (rate of change in consumption across escalating price) over five assessments (every 4 months) using random intercept cross-lagged panel models.
RESULTS
Alcohol problems and HDD decreased across assessments. Significant between-person effects indicated that each behavioral economic variable was associated with increased drinking risk. Change in reinforcement ratio was positively associated with decreases in alcohol problems. Multigroup invariance modeling revealed distinct risk pathways in that change in demand intensity and predicted change in alcohol problems for male participants and change in intensity predicted change in alcohol problems for non-White participants.
CONCLUSION
The study provides consistent support for proportionate alcohol-related reinforcement and mixed support for demand as within-person predictors of reductions in drinking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
目的
人口饮酒趋势显示出明显的发展周期性，从 18 岁到 22 岁，有害饮酒量急剧增加，随后在 20 多岁时逐渐下降，但在一小部分人群中仍存在持续的问题性饮酒。横断面研究表明，酒精过度评价（高酒精需求）和缺乏替代无物质奖励（高比例与酒精相关的奖励）的行为经济指标可能是这一发展窗口期变化的潜在预测指标，但纵向证据很少。
方法
本研究使用了一组新兴成年人（n=497，年龄=22.61 岁，62%为女性，48.69%为白人，40.44%为黑人），使用随机截距交叉滞后面板模型，在五个评估（每 4 个月一次）中，对过去一周的重度饮酒天数（HDD）和酒精问题与比例与酒精相关的奖励（奖励比）、酒精需求强度（零价格下的消费）、酒精需求（最大支出）以及需求弹性变化（消费在递增价格上的变化率）进行了前瞻性的双向关系研究。
结果
酒精问题和 HDD 在评估过程中逐渐减少。个体间的显著效应表明，每个行为经济变量都与增加的饮酒风险有关。奖励比的变化与酒精问题的减少呈正相关。多组不变性模型表明，在需求强度和变化预测男性参与者的酒精问题变化，以及需求强度变化预测非白人参与者的酒精问题变化方面，存在不同的风险途径。
结论
该研究为比例与酒精相关的奖励和需求作为个体内预测饮酒减少的指标提供了一致的支持。
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