Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati (IISER T), Transit campus, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati (IISER T), Transit campus, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Ageing Res Rev. 2023 Aug;89:101994. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101994. Epub 2023 Jun 28.
Neurotransmitters serve as chemical messengers playing a crucial role in information processing throughout the nervous system, and are essential for healthy physiological and behavioural functions in the body. Neurotransmitter systems are classified as cholinergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, histaminergic, or aminergic systems, depending on the type of neurotransmitter secreted by the neuron, allowing effector organs to carry out specific functions by sending nerve impulses. Dysregulation of a neurotransmitter system is typically linked to a specific neurological disorder. However, more recent research points to a distinct pathogenic role for each neurotransmitter system in more than one neurological disorder of the central nervous system. In this context, the review provides recently updated information on each neurotransmitter system, including the pathways involved in their biochemical synthesis and regulation, their physiological functions, pathogenic roles in diseases, current diagnostics, new therapeutic targets, and the currently used drugs for associated neurological disorders. Finally, a brief overview of the recent developments in neurotransmitter-based therapeutics for selected neurological disorders is offered, followed by future perspectives in that area of research.
神经递质作为化学信使，在整个神经系统的信息处理中起着至关重要的作用，是身体内健康生理和行为功能所必需的。根据神经元分泌的神经递质类型，神经递质系统可分为胆碱能、谷氨酸能、γ-氨基丁酸能、多巴胺能、5-羟色胺能、组胺能或单胺能系统，使效应器能够通过发送神经冲动来执行特定的功能。神经递质系统的失调通常与特定的神经紊乱有关。然而，最近的研究表明，每种神经递质系统在中枢神经系统的一种以上神经紊乱中都具有明显的致病作用。在这种情况下，该综述提供了关于每个神经递质系统的最新信息，包括其生化合成和调节所涉及的途径、生理功能、在疾病中的致病作用、当前的诊断方法、新的治疗靶点以及与相关神经紊乱相关的现有药物。最后，简要概述了选定神经紊乱的基于神经递质的治疗方法的最新进展，并对该研究领域的未来前景进行了展望。
