Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Animal Science Department, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia.
Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia.
Funct Integr Genomics. 2023 Jun 29;23(3):214. doi: 10.1007/s10142-023-01146-5.
In eukaryotes, the genome does not emerge in a specific shape but rather as a hierarchial bundle within the nucleus. This multifaceted genome organization consists of multiresolution cellular structures, such as chromosome territories, compartments, and topologically associating domains, which are frequently defined by architecture, design proteins including CTCF and cohesin, and chromatin loops. This review briefly discusses the advances in understanding the basic rules of control, chromatin folding, and functional areas in early embryogenesis. With the use of chromosome capture techniques, the latest advancements in technologies for visualizing chromatin interactions come close to revealing 3D genome formation frameworks with incredible detail throughout all genomic levels, including at single-cell resolution. The possibility of detecting variations in chromatin architecture might open up new opportunities for disease diagnosis and prevention, infertility treatments, therapeutic approaches, desired exploration, and many other application scenarios.
在真核生物中，基因组并非以特定的形状出现，而是在核内呈现出一种层次化的束状结构。这种多方面的基因组组织包括多分辨率的细胞结构，如染色体区域、隔室和拓扑关联域，它们通常由结构、设计蛋白（包括 CTCF 和黏连蛋白）和染色质环来定义。这篇综述简要讨论了在理解早期胚胎发生中控制、染色质折叠和功能区域的基本规则方面的进展。利用染色体捕获技术，可视化染色质相互作用的技术的最新进展几乎可以揭示出整个基因组水平（包括单细胞分辨率）的 3D 基因组形成框架，其细节令人难以置信。检测染色质结构变异的可能性可能为疾病诊断和预防、不孕治疗、治疗方法、期望的探索以及许多其他应用场景开辟新的机会。
