Ruff T, Lenis A, Skinner O D
Surg Clin North Am. 1986 Aug;66(4):659-71. doi: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)43979-4.
A high index of suspicion in smokers, coupled with inspection and palpation, is necessary for early diagnosis of cancer of the oral cavity and the oropharynx. Surgery or radiotherapy, or a combination of those modalities, is usually successful, except in advanced cases of cancer of the tongue base and the oropharynx.
对于吸烟者，高度的怀疑指数，再加上检查和触诊，对于口腔和口咽癌的早期诊断是必要的。手术或放疗，或这些方式的联合应用，通常是成功的，除了舌根和口咽癌的晚期病例。
