Fraser Kotryna K, Kochanek Jill
School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
Department of Physical Education and Health, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, United States.
Front Sports Act Living. 2023 Jun 14;5:1121676. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1121676. eCollection 2023.
Despite increases in participation and raised attention for girls and women in sports, female sport is still based on male evidence that ignores gendered differences and experiences of unequal treatment and marginalization from grassroots to elite sport. This paper aimed to critically interrogate the place that women have in the male preserve of elite sport by conducting a two-part study.
First, we provided a brief sociohistorical analysis of gender in sport as a means to move away from a decontextualized and universalized approach dominating in sport science literature. We then conducted a scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines to synthesize existing sport science literature that implemented Newell's constraints-led approach to examine elite performance.
Ten studies were identified, none of which collected demographic data or centred on female athletes and the effects of sociocultural constraints on their performance. Instead, male-centred, masculine sports and physiological profiles dominated the identified studies.
We discussed these results considering critical sport research and cultural sport psychology literature to offer an integrative, interdisciplinary approach to advocate for more culturally sensitive, context-specific interpretations of gender as a sociocultural constraint. We put forth a call to action for sport science researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers to move away from implementing male evidence in female sport and attend to the unique needs of female athletes. Practical suggestions aimed to help stakeholders reimagine elite sport by celebrating these [potential] differences as strengths for promoting gender equity in sport.
尽管参与体育运动的女性人数有所增加，并且对女子体育的关注度也有所提高，但女子体育仍然基于男性的证据，这些证据忽视了性别差异以及从基层到精英体育中不平等对待和边缘化的经历。本文旨在通过开展一项分为两部分的研究，批判性地审视女性在精英体育这一男性主导领域中的地位。
首先，我们对体育领域的性别问题进行了简要的社会历史分析，以此摆脱体育科学文献中占主导地位的脱离背景和普遍化的方法。然后，我们按照PRISMA-ScR指南进行了一项范围综述，以综合现有的体育科学文献，这些文献采用了纽厄尔的以约束为导向的方法来研究精英表现。
共确定了10项研究，其中没有一项收集人口统计学数据，也没有一项以女运动员以及社会文化限制对其表现的影响为中心。相反，以男性为中心、具有男子气概的运动项目和生理特征在已确定的研究中占主导地位。
我们结合批判性体育研究和文化体育心理学文献对这些结果进行了讨论，以提供一种综合的、跨学科的方法，倡导对性别作为一种社会文化限制因素进行更具文化敏感性、针对具体情境的解读。我们呼吁体育科学研究人员、从业者和决策者不要再将男性的证据应用于女子体育，而是关注女运动员的独特需求。我们还提出了一些实用建议，旨在帮助利益相关者通过将这些[潜在]差异视为促进体育领域性别平等的优势，来重新构想精英体育。
